<p>The River Earn  in Scotland leaves Loch Earn at St Fillans and runs east through Strathearn, then east and south, joining the River Tay near Abernethy. The Earn is about 46 mi long. It passes by Comrie, Crieff and Bridge of Earn.</p><br>
<p>The river is fast flowing, with many shoals, and is not navigable, even by small vessels. The surrounding land is generally flat and is occasionally subject to flooding. The Earn is popular with anglers and fishing permits are usually required.</p><br>
<p>Near to the River Earn lay the ancient Strageath Roman Camp. This camp was one of a series of camps used by the Romans to construct their invasion of the north; other notable camps in this chain are Ardoch, Stracathro, Battledykes, Raedykes and Normandykes.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries of the River Earn</h2><br>
<p>* River Farg</p><br>
<p>Aukštojas Hill is the highest point in all of Lithuania; it is located in the Medininkai Highlands, Migūnai forestry, approximately 24 km southeast of the capital city of Vilnius. Its elevation was measured in 2004 at 293.84 metres  by specialists at the Institute of Geodesy at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, using GPS technology. Previously, Juozapinė Hill, at 292.7 metres , had been officially regarded as the highest point in Lithuania. In 1985, suspicions were raised by Rimantas Krupickas, a Lithuanian geographer, that Juozapinė Hill was not actually Lithuania&#39;s highest elevation. Aukštojas Hill is located approximately 500 metres  west of Juozapinė Hill.</p><br>
<p>The designated use of the land where Aukštojas Hill is situated has been changed by the Vilnius county governor from agricultural to tourism and cultural. The summit of the hill features a grove of pine trees. The public institution Lietuvos viršūnės, headed by Vladas Vitkauskas, Lithuania&#39;s leading mountaineer, is pursuing efforts to designate Aukštojas Hill as a geographic landmark in the historically important Medininkai region.</p><br>
<p>The name Aukštojas was suggested by Libertas Klimka, a professor of history at the Vilnius Pedagogical University, and was the winner of a contest to decide the best name for the newly discovered elevation. Aukštėjas (Aukštojas, Aukštujis) was one of the most important deities in ancient Lithuanian mythology; he was considered the creator of the world. The hill was baptised on June 20, 2005, during an unofficial ceremony. The name was officially approved by the Vilnius Region Municipality Council on November 18, 2005.</p><br>
<p>An alternate name, Aukštėjas Hill, was discarded as a nominee by the State Commission on the Lithuanian language, on the grounds that its suffix ("-ėj-") was not standard usage for a place-name; Aukštėjas has been approved by the commission only as a name for the deity.</p><br>
<p>The Großer Wannsee  is a bight of the Havel river near the locality of Wannsee and Nikolassee , a south-western suburb of the German capital Berlin not far from Potsdam. Between the river itself and the Wannsee lies the Breite, or Grosse Breite . To the north lies the island of Schwanenwerder and, opposite from the Greater Wannsee on the other side of the Havel, is the locality of Kladow .</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The Wannsee lake is well known as the number-one bathing and recreation spot for western Berlin, especially from a 1951 Schlager hit by teen idol Cornelia Froboess. The Strandbad Wannsee, an open-air lido with one of the longest inland beaches in Europe and a popular nudist area, was built in 1920–30 after a concept by architect Richard Ermisch. Situated on the eastern shore of the lake it is officially part of the Nikolassee locality.</p><br>
<h2>Photogallery</h2><br>
<p>The Medicine Wheel/Medicine Mountain National Historic Landmark  is a medicine wheel located in the Bighorn National Forest, in the USA state of Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>The Medicine Wheel at Medicine Mountain is a large stone structure made of local white limestone laid upon a bedrock of limestone. It is both a place of sacred ceremony and scientific inquiry. In Native Science these uses are not distinguished as separate as they are in Western science.</p><br>
<p>The cultural history of the Big Horn Mountains, home to the Big Horn Medicine Wheel, dates back over ten thousand years.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural Purposes</h2><br>
<p>No indigenous people have publicly claimed to have built the Big Horn Medicine Wheel. During negotiations to include the Big Horn Medicine Wheel to the registry for National Historic Landmark and Sacred Site status, the Crow stated that the Wheel was already present when they came into the area. However, the Wheel rests within the Crow homeland, an area given to the Crow by the Creator when No Vitals, the visionary Crow Leader (circa 1400-1600), had his vision of stars descending into tobacco blossoms while he fasted and prayed on the highest mountain in the Bighorns (Cloud Peak). Oral history from several indigenous nations sets the Big Horn Medicine Wheel as already existing, having been built by "ancient ancestors" or "people without iron."</p><br>
<p>The Big Horn Medicine Wheel is a sacred site to many people of many nations. Although the Wheel was built high above the Bighorn Basin, and the climb up from the basin takes effort, a wide and deep cut ancient trail takes the traveler directly to the Wheel. In winter, when the modern asphalt road is covered in snow and closed for the season, one can still make their way by foot up the old trail from Five Springs Campground. Stephen C. Simms of the Chicago Field Museum, upon examining the Wheel in 1903, astonishingly surmised that the travois trail (road) must have been well-traveled for long periods in the past to acquire its deeply cut edges. The Bighorn Mountains are high above the hot summers of the basin. In 1887, the Sheepeater Elder Aggretta said her people chose to live high in the Bighorns to escape the flies and human conflict.</p><br>
<h3>Little People and Vision Quests</h3><br>
<p>The A’aniiih, indigenous to the Rocky Mountains and northern prairies for tens of thousands of years, practice the vision quest—a journey into darkness and aloneness to find guidance and direction in the ”dark.” Ancient beings called “Little People” are known to come to the aide of those who fast and pray deep into the night on Medicine Mountain. The Little People are said to live in the caves underneath the Wheel. The A&#39;aniiih are relatives of the Arapaho who call the Big Horn Medicine Wheel "Hii3einoonotii." A detailed account of ceremonial use of the Bighorn Medicine Wheel by the Arapaho was related in 1993 by Paul Moss in a landmark of Native American oral tradition.</p><br>
<p>For centuries, the Bighorn Medicine Wheel has been used by Crow youth for fasting and vision quests. Native People also go to Bighorn to offer thanks for the creation that sustains them, placing a buffalo skull on the center cairn as a prayer offering. Prayers are offered here for healing, and atonement is made for harm done to others and to Mother Earth. Tom Yellowtail (Crow) told the story of Burnt Face building a medicine wheel in the Bighorn Mountains and receiving help from the Little People. After the Little People healed his face, Burnt Face came down from the Bighorns, rejoined his people, and built what is now called the Fort Smith Wheel. This Wheel has similar stellar and solar alignments to the Big Horn Medicine Wheel, adjusted for landscape changes and latitude.</p><br>
<h2>Measurements</h2><br>
<p>The structure is located at an altitude of 9462 ft (2939 meters), near the summit of Medicine Mountain. It is a precolumbian structure, built from roughly loaf-sized stones gathered from the surrounding area. The structure consists of a circular rim, 80 ft (24.3 meters) in diameter, 28 spokes extending from the rim to the center, and a series of seven stone circles (cairns). Cairn O is at the center of the structure and is about 10 ft (near 3 meters) in diameter. Cairns A - F are at or near the rim, and are considerably smaller.</p><br>
<h2>Astronomical Alignments</h2><br>
<p>The Big Horn Medicine Wheel is one of four or five astronomically complex wheels that are publicly known to exist in the Rocky Mountain region. It is of a type termed Subgroup 6, "A prominent central stone cairn surrounded by a stone ring. Two or more interior stone lines connect the stone ring to the cairn." by John Brumley. Another of this Subgroup type is the Majorville Wheel in Alberta, Canada. The Majorville Wheel with a similar complex design matching the Big Horn Medicine Wheel has been dated archaeologically to 3200 BC. Smaller, less complex wheels may have astronomical significance, such as solstice alignments and east-west orientations. The larger complex wheels are capable of tracking several different cosmic cycles, including the precession of the equinoxes, the Moons phases, lunar and solar eclipse cycles, and planets orbital cycles. These astronomical wheels mirror the north ecliptic polar region of the sky and are useful as celestial grids to track changes over millennial time periods.</p><br>
<p>Astronomer John Eddy investigated the Big Horn Medicine Wheel&#39;s structure in 1972 and made a number of important discoveries, publishing his findings in Astronomical Alignment of the Big Horn Medicine Wheel, Science 184 (1974): 1031-43. He found that cairns E and O were aligned in the direction of summer solstice sunrise, using cairn E for a backsight and cairn O as a foresight, and that cairns C and O were aligned in the direction of summer solstice sunset, using C as a backsight and O as a foresight.</p><br>
<p>Further, he found that cairn pairs FO, FA, and FB correspond to the rising points of the stars Sirius, Aldebaran, and Rigel, respectively. Observing the first yearly heliacal rising of these stars would have been an effective tool at predicting how many days remained before the summer solstice, as the first heliacal rise of a star occurs on the same date.</p><br>
<p>Rising positions of stars change very slowly over the centuries, due to the Earth&#39;s precession, so the directions of these cairn pairs can be used to project at what date they aligned best with the rising points of these stars. The FA Aldebaran alignment would have worked best between AD 1200 and AD 1700. Further, precession changes the date of first helical rise: Although today the first heliacal rise of Aldebaran is a few days after the summer solstice, between AD 1200 and 1700, the first heliacal rise of Aldebaran would have been just before the summer solstice, allowing an observer to predict the coming of this event.</p><br>
<p>Astronomer Jack Robinson from the University of South Florida has further proposed that cairn pair FD was used to observe the rising of the star Fomalhaut, which would have lined up with its rising point between AD 1050 and AD 1450, when Fomalhaut had its first heliacal rise roughly a month before the summer solstice. A carbon date for the Bighorn Medicine Wheel comes from a piece of wood found in cairn F, corresponding to an age of no more than 220 years, roughly in the middle of the 18th century. However, this date can only be considered as a minimum age, as the wood may have become lodged in the cairn after construction. Stated by Don Grey in his, “Summary Report,” page 317 of the 1958 Wyoming Archaeology Society&#39;s excavation of the Wheel, “In the large cairn on the northwest side of the structure was found a piece of wood pinned down between the courses of stone in the wall. A sample was taken…for dating.” Upon this carbon dating of a "wall" of the Wheel that could have been built and rebuilt many times, but this non-valid date for the Wheel has been repeated ever since. The astronomical dating doieby Robinson, giving a date of AD 1100 stands as the most credible scientific date for the last physical alteration of cairns for astronomy purposes. This is not an origin date for the Wheel but a "last altered" date.</p><br>
<h2>Other Wheels</h2><br>
<p>In 1903, Stephen Simms of the Chicago Field Museum published a scientific paper on his visit to the Wheel. His diagram looks only slightly similar to the Big Horn Medicine Wheel that is now an Historic Landmark. More than one medicine wheel existed in the Bighorn Mountains previous to 1916. Cut Ear, a Crow guide, would accompany people to wheels in the Bighorn Mountains. One article in the Sheridan Post talks of finding another wheel about 60miles from the first wheel.</p><br>
<h2>Name Change</h2><br>
<p>The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970, and renamed as the Medicine Wheel/Medicine Mountain National Historic Landmark in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Muckish is a distinctive flat-topped mountain in the Derryveagh Mountains of County Donegal, Ireland. At 666 m, it is the third-highest peak in the Derryveagh Mountains and the 163rd highest in Ireland. Muckish is also the most northern and second highest of the mountain chain called the "Seven Sisters" by locals. The Seven Sisters are Muckish, Crocknalaragagh, Aghla Beg, Ardloughnabrackbaddy, Aghla More, Mackoght, and Errigal.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>High-grade quartz sand was mined on the flanks of the mountain; the remains of the quarry workings can be seen on its northern side. The "Miner&#39;s Path" is a route to the summit up the northern side of the mountain. Part of this route follows the path used by the workers to reach the quarry. The sand was exported and was mainly used in the manufacture of optical glass. A less difficult route to the summit begins from the Muckish Gap on the southern side of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>A large cairn (man-made mound of stones), visible from sea level, can be found on the summit plateau. In 2000, a large metal cross was placed on the summit, replacing a wooden one that had been destroyed in a storm. The new cross was placed much closer to the northern end of the mountain, while the cairn is towards the south.</p><br>
<p>Falcarragh, Moyra, Dunfanaghy, and Creeslough are the villages nearest to Muckish. On the Falcarragh side lies Mám na Mucaise ("gap of Muckish") in which one finds Droichead na nDeor ("bridge of tears"). It was from this bridge that many thousands of Cloughaneely emigrants bade farewell to family members. Percy French, the famous poet, visited the district at the beginning of the 20th century and while in Falcarragh Hotel he wrote a poem called "An Irish Mother".</p><br>
<p>In 2012, a 40-minute documentary about Muckish was released, called “Glass Mountain: The Story of Muckish Sand".</p><br>
<p>Bely Island  is a relatively large island in the Kara Sea off the tip of the Yamal Peninsula, Siberia, Russia. Close to the island&#39;s northwest tip, there is the Russian Experiment Station  Popov Station.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Bely Island covers an area of 1,810 km&sup2;. It is covered by tundra, but some dwarf shrubs also grow on this island. It is separated from the mainland by the Malygina Strait, an 8 to 10 km wide sound which is frozen most of the year.</p><br>
<p>This island belongs to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug which is the northern part of the Tyumen Oblast administrative division of Russia.</p><br>
<h3>Adjacent Islands</h3><br>
<p>Within Bely Islands wide eastern bay there is a 10 km long island called Bezymyannyy. Ostrov Tabango and Ostrov Tyubtsyango are located 20 km to the south of Bely Islands SE corner.</p><br>
<p>Raven Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. It acts as a superb vantage point for, and backdrop to, views across Thirlmere reservoir. It has subsidiary summits The Benn and Castle Crag.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The fell is the high point on a 2-mile-long spur running up the western shore of Thirlmere, branching off from the main ridge of the central fells just east of High Tove. Subsidiary tops include The Benn (also known as Benn Man, 1,463 ft) and Castle Crag (1,381 ft), the site of an iron-age settlement. The ridge has been extensively planted with conifers as part of the Thirlmere Forest, the face of Raven Crag appearing as a lone oasis of naked rock amid the trees.</p><br>
<p>Raven Crag is bordered to the west by the long valley of Shoulthwaite Gill, which is a tributary of the River Greta. To the north the ridge drops to a depression, crossed by the Keswick–Ambleside road, before climbing again onto High Rigg.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Raven Crag and the Benn exhibit rock of the Birker Fell Formation, composed of plagioclase-phyric andesite lavas with subordinate sills. Between the two is an area of garnet bearing porphyritic andesite. Castle Crag Fort overlays volcaniclastic sandstone.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The main face of the fell stands over Thirlmere Dam, and appears from there as a sheer 500 ft crag, the higher fells behind being hidden by the ridge. Raven Crag is most commonly climbed from the dam, via a steep waymarked path through the forestry. This ends with made paths and some short sections of boardwalk. The ridge between Raven Crag and High Tove can also be gained from Armboth, or an ascent can be made from behind via Shoulthwaite. This can include visits to The Benn and the earth ramparts of Castle Crag.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The highest point is an outcrop of rock with a small cairn, partially screened by conifers. The view from the summit is limited by the trees, but the eastward panorama opens up from the brink of the crag itself and there is an aerial view of the Thirlmere dam. The reservoir is also seen end on to the south. The Benn and Castle Crag provide a close-up view of Raven Crag from the north.</p><br>
<p>Reva  is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade&#39;s municipality of Palilula.</p><br>
<h2>Neighborhood</h2><br>
<p>Reva is one of the sub-neighborhoods of Krnjača. It is located in the Banat section of the municipality of Palilula, stretching between the Blok Zaga Malivuk on the north (southern side of the road of Pančevački put which connects Belgrade to the town of Pančevo) and the bog of Reva on the south. It had the population of 2,808 in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Reva is primarily industrial and economic zone with numerous large hangars and storage facilities. It is also known for its nursery gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Bog</h2><br>
<p>Bog of Reva is located close to the left bank of the Danube in marshy and floodprone terrain. Part of it has been turned into a fish pond. It is elongated in the west-to-east direction, parallel to the flow of the Sebeš stream. With other marshy areas in Krnjača it is the major breeding ground for the mosquitoes which sometimes causes lots of annoyance for the population of Belgrade during summer.</p><br>
<p>Amyntaio  is a town and municipality in the Florina regional unit of Macedonia, Greece. The population of Amyntaio proper is 4,306, while that of the entire municipality is 16,973 . Amyntaio station is a railway junction, where the line to Kozani branches off from the Platy-Florina main line.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological excavations</h2><br>
<p>On March 4, 2007, an unknown civilization around four lakes that lasted from 6000 BC to 60 BC has been uncovered in two important excavations of a Neolithic and an Iron Age settlement in the Amyntaio district of Florina, northern Greece.</p><br>
<p>A 7,300-year-old home with a timber floor, remnants of food supplies and blackberry seeds are among the findings in a Neolithic settlement near the lakes of Vegoritida, Petres, Heimatitida and Zazari. Garments, women’s fashions and burial customs in northern Eordaia 3,000 years ago are coming to light among the hundreds of funeral offerings in a forgotten necropolis dating from the Iron Age in western Macedonia.</p><br>
<p>More than 100 years after the excavation at Agios Panteleimonas in Amyntaio in the Florina prefecture – known in the bibliography as the Pateli Necropolis – by the Russian Archaeological Institute of Istanbul, a systematic investigation of 12 tombs by the 17th Antiquities Ephorate has found a total of 358 tombs dating from between 950 BC and 550 BC. Although the first discovery in 1898 of 376 graves produced many findings, now in the Istanbul Museum, the necropolis between the lakes of Heimatitida and Petres has revealed hundreds more graves.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Amyntaio was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 6 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Aetos</p><br>
<p>Amyntaio</p><br>
<p>Filotas</p><br>
<p>Lechovo</p><br>
<p>Nymfaio</p><br>
<p>Variko</p><br>
<p>The municipality has an area of 589.369 km, the municipal unit 249.852 km.</p><br>
<h3>Subdivisions</h3><br>
<p>The municipal unit of Amyntaio is divided into the following communities:</p><br>
<p>Agios Panteleimonas</p><br>
<p>Amyntaio</p><br>
<p>Kella</p><br>
<p>Kleidi</p><br>
<p>Petres</p><br>
<p>Rodonas</p><br>
<p>Fanos</p><br>
<p>Xino Nero</p><br>
<h3>Economy</h3><br>
<p>Amyntaio Power Station</p><br>
<p>Kato Kleines  is a village and a former municipality in Florina regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Florina, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 188.564 km. It is 7 km north of the city of Florina. The population was 2,735 in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village was first mentioned in an Ottoman defter of 1468, where it is listed under the name of Kleshtino and described as having ninety-seven households. In 1481, the village possessed two hundred and thirteen households, a church, mills, and a kiln. The Turkish documents suggest a prosperous place, noting the production of vines, walnuts, onions, garlic, cabbage, peas, flax, honey, pigs, and silkworms.</p><br>
<p>In 1845 the Russian slavist Victor Grigorovich recorded Kleshtina (Клештина) as mainly Bulgarian village. Johann Georg von Hahn in his map from 1861 marked the village as Bulgarian, too. Besides Slav-speaking population there were 150 Albanians in Kato Kleines in the end of 19th century.</p><br>
<p>After Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) and Population exchange between Greece and Turkey a number of Pontic Greeks were settled in the village of Kato Kleines and in some other villages in the municipality - Kato Kalliniki, Polyplatano, Mesokampos and in the new-founded Neos Kafkasos.</p><br>
<p>Meliti  is a former municipality in Florina regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Florina, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 269.477 km. The seat of the municipality was in Neochoraki.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Meliti is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Neochoraki (Neochoraki, Agios Athanasios)</p><br>
<p>Achlada (Achlada, Ano Achlada, Giourouki)</p><br>
<p>Vevi</p><br>
<p>Itea</p><br>
<p>Lofoi</p><br>
<p>Meliti</p><br>
<p>Palaistra</p><br>
<p>Pappagiannis</p><br>
<p>Sitaria</p><br>
<p>Skopos</p><br>
<p>Tripotamos</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>According to the 2011 census, the population of Meliti Municipality was 7,803 people. The municipality has a mixed population of Slavophone Greeks and the descendants of Greek refugees from Asia Minor.</p><br>
<p>Perasma  is a village and a former municipality in Florina regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Florina, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 211.023 km. It is located in a plain, 6 km southeast of Florina. The population was 4,234 in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Perasma is neighboured by the villages of Ammochori, Skopia, Kolchiki, and Tropaiouchos.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Before the Hellenisation of the village name in 1926, the village was locally known as Kučkoveni. Before then, it was known as Kruševo or Blizna Kruša. The reason for this name was because the village flourished with vegetation, specifically Pears (which translates to Kruša in the Slavic dialect). During the Byzantine era, the village was called Tumbata (meaning on a hill - where the village was situated at the time). Before Tumbata, it was called Kitutsi (for unknown reasons, possibly of Latin or Ancient Greek origin). The name Kučkoveni has said to come about during the 15th century. Kučko in the local Slavic dialect means female dog, which depicts an old tale that has been passed down from the great forefathers of the region.</p><br>
<p>Originally, there was a church that was situated just north of the initial village. During this time, the locals believed that their town and people were under a so-called curse which resulted with many dying, and with the reason unknown. One day, a female dog ironically ran past the village&#39;s church and had ten little babies, all of whom were extremely healthy and were nurtured by their mother. A male villager who was making his way to hunt rabbits over the hills saw the little puppies nestling peacefully. The man was astonished by what he had seen, which was perhaps a sign of healthy life, so went back to the main village in order to explain to the others. Once the locals heard, they finally believed that the area was truly blessed by their great monastery. So, as time went on, they finally decided to burn down the original village and create a new one north of the church. From them on, this plague which killed nearly everything in the region had stopped and the population overall grew miraculously.</p><br>
<p>The new Greek name for the village, Perasma, directly translates to pathway. In some other historical documents, the name in Greek has also been Skylochori meaning dog village.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The settlement was first mentioned in an Ottoman defter of 1481, under the name of Kučkovjani, and was described as having sixty-seven households. The locals of the village produced many freshly-grown crops that were kept or sold in the Florinian markets, like garlic and onions.</p><br>
<p>The village had approximately 100,000 kg of wheat, 150,000 kg of corn and 25,000 kg of rye at one point in time. The houses were said to have been made from hay and soil, which as a result created a type of brick.</p><br>
<p>During the times of the Ottoman Empire, Perasma was under the Church Dioscese of Kastoria, which was also when their main monastery, Agioi Anargyroi, was built in 1300. In 1845 the Russian slavist Victor Grigorovich recorded Kuchkovini (Кучковини) as mainly Bulgarian village.</p><br>
<p>During the 17th and early 18th centuries, the village was Orthodox and refused to fall under the Muslim supremacy of the Turks. The first school of the village taught the Greek language to the pupils, and included the following teachers: A. Kousmanis from the village of Skopia, G. Konstantinidis, K. Gitskalis, P. Klekatsis, G. Papadimitriou and Papanousis from Drosopigi. As a result of the rise of Bulgarian nationalism in Macedonia the village created such revolutionary figures as Koche Deloff - the Florina leader of the Bulgarian Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, who was killed by the Young Turks near the villages of Flambouro and Drosopigi. According to the Bulgarian council in Monastir, Andrey Toshev, the population of the village (46 houses) became under the supremacy of the Bulgarian Exarchate in 1902. The "La Macédoine et sa Population Chrétienne" survey by Dimitar Mishev concluded that the Christian population in 1905 was composed of 760 Bulgarian Exarchists.</p><br>
<p>During the Nazi occupation of Greece in World War II, the Germans placed a Bulgarian council in Perasma, which consisted of local people from the village such as Kosta Nedelkoff, Todor Popdimitroff, Nase Gagapoff, Iliya Popstoyanoff, Dimitriya Kincharoff, Pandel Gichkaloff, Nikola Popstoyanoff, Iliya Pirganoff and Boris Nedelkoff. Once the Axis powers lost their complete control over the Greek region, many of these men were sentenced to years in prison - some were sent as far as Gyaros Island in the Aegean gulf. The history mentions a range of killings and thievery by German troops who entered the village during the middle 1940s. Once the Greek Civil War erupted post WWII, most Perasmiotes sided with the communist parties - KKE and/or NOF. In 1948, 300 men from Perasma were sentenced to prison by the Greek government for being former "collaborators with the Bulgarian Ohrana troops during WWII". When the Civil War was won by the royal army of Greece, many villagers were forced to flee the village and move elsewhere past the borders. The majority of them settled in Yugoslavia, but some in Poland, and even Russia.</p><br>
<h2>Immigration</h2><br>
<p>During and after the Greek Civil War, many villagers were exiled to communist countries (Yugoslavia, Poland and even Russia). Others immigrated to nations with much more security and wealth to offer - Australia, Canada and United States. The people still found many ways to keep their community alive and together, by setting up various clubs around the different cities. The Kouchkovski Social Club, Melbourne Australia is one of the most well-known groups around today, having commenced in the 1950s. The club is currently run by Steven Kyriakopoulos, Louis Krushorovski and Stavros Mavridis, with the past president being George Novatsis. These clubs are aimed at increasing health and well-being by participating in community activities and various programs. The name of Melbourne&#39;s club is not without contention among the Perasma community of Melbourne, as it fails to reflect both the Greek and distinct Slavic - Macedonian heritage of the villagers; many feel a more appropriate name may be the "Perasma-Kouchkoini Social Club of Melbourne, Australia" and in large part this fact (among others) is the reason for the largely ageing and declining membership of the club as of today. (Also witness the practical absence of any Melbourne born Perasma origin second or third generation members).</p><br>
<p>Variko  is a village and a former community in Florina regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Amyntaio, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 21.877 km. It is 27 km south-southeast of the city of Florina. The population in 2011 was 638. The village&#39;s primary agricultural products are beans, corn, and wheat. There is an annual bean festival on August 15, coinciding with the Dormition of Virgin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village was first mentioned in an Ottoman defter of 1481, under the name of Mokreni, and was described as having sixty-nine households. In the beginning of 19th century Francois Pouqueville noted Mocrena as one of the Bulgarian villages in the region. The population of Mocreni was Bulgarian in 19th and early 20th centuries. The population of the village was under the supremacy of the Bulgarian Exarchate since 1891.</p><br>
<p>The village was burned by the Turks during the Ilinden Uprising. There was a Bulgarian school in the village in the beginning of the 20th century. After the Treaty of Bucharest in 1913, when the area became part of Greece, many people emigrated to Bulgaria. The village was renamed Variko in 1926.</p><br>
<p>After the defeat of Greece by Nazi Germany in April 1941 in the village was formed a club of the Bulgaro-Macedonian Central Committee and in 1943 a detachment of the Bulgarian paramilitary organization Ohrana. The village suffered greatly during the Greek Civil War, when many villagers emigrated abroad.</p><br>
<h2>Notable persons</h2><br>
<p>Nikola Andreev, (1879 - 1911) - Bulgarian teacher and voivode</p><br>
<p>Nikola Milev, (1881-1925) - Bulgarian historian</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>According to the 2011 census, the population of Variko was 638 people. Today, the village has a mixed population of Greeks and Slav Macedonians (around 11,7%).</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Krystallopigi  is a former community in Florina regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Krystallopigi means "crystal source". Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Prespes, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 101.984 km. The population is 359 . The main village is also called Krystallopigi. After the Greek Civil War, the village was resettled with Aromanians from Epirus. Today they still form the majority of the towns population. Here is located the depopulated village Vambel.</p><br>
<p>Krystallopigi borders Albania to the west; Prespes municipality to the north; Korestia municipality, Kastoria regional unit, to the east and southeast; and Kastraki community, Kastoria regional unit, to the south. A major road border crossing into Albania is located here. The Albanian side of the border crossing is known as Kapshtica, 9 km east from Bilisht.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village was mentioned in an Ottoman defter of 1530, under the name of Ismirdesh, and was described as having 53 households. The bigger part of the population of Smerdesh in 19th and in the beginning of 20th century was Bulgarian. There were 1780 inhabitants in 1900.</p><br>
<p>Many residents of Smardesh took part in the struggle of IMORO. There was an illegal foundry and depot for hand grenades in 1903. The village was burned by Turkish troops and Albanian irregulars in May 1903. It was plundered and burned for the second time in 1903 during the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising.</p><br>
<p>The name of the village was changed to Krystallopigi in 1926. In 1951, the village was declared entirely uninhabited, and later Vlachs from Thesprotia and from the vicinity of Preveza were settled there.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<h2>Notable persons</h2><br>
<p>Konstantinos Christou (1863–1905)</p><br>
<p>Vasil Chekalarov (1874–1913) - Bulgarian revolutionary</p><br>
<p>Lechovo  is a village and a former community in Florina regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Amyntaio, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 22.844 km. Population 1,115 . The village is set amongst the mountains of Northern Greece and the main road runs through the town&#39;s centre. The town features a museum, a football pitch and an indoor handball stadium. The town has stone architecture common to many northern Greek towns, and has an old upper square  and church bell tower.</p><br>
<p>The Tosk Albanian dialect is often spoken by the village elders. After World War II, many people emigrated to Germany, Australia, Canada and the United States to work in the construction industry. Men from Lechovo played a role in the World Wars and they showed great patriotism and heroism against the invaders (the old name of the town was Ηρωικό-Hereoico, means Heroic). Lechovo is known for its constructors and bricklayers.</p><br>
<p>Nymfaio , is a predominantly Aromanian village and a former community in Florina regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. After the 2011 local government reform it became a member of the municipality Amyntaio. The municipal unit has an area of 28.209 km. As of 2011 the village had a population of 132 residents. The village is protected by the Hellenic Ministry of Culture in order to preserve its architectural integrity.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>First mentioned in an Ottoman defter in 1481, the village, then known as Neveska, had only six households. The name of the town in Aromanian (Vlach) is Nevesca from the anc. Greek (Doric) νυφεοσσ´, snowy, snowclad.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Nymfaio is a mountain village, situated at 1350 m elevation in the densely forested Verno mountains. It is 3 km north of Sklithro, 5 km west of Aetos, 16 km west of Amyntaio and 17 km southeast of Florina.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Nymfaio, or Neveska as it was called then, was settled around 1385 by Vlach travellers, who fled into the mountains after heavy battles with the Ottomans. The fighters of Neveska capitulated conditionally: they remained armed and autonomous, directly ruled by Valide Sultan (the mother of the Sultan), and paid reduced taxes. Until the early 17th century, their main source of income was raiding the estates in the plains. Around 1630, the village became a centre of silversmithing, known all over Macedonia for the next three centuries.</p><br>
<p>During the Albanian incursions in the late 18th century, after the Orlov revolt, Neveska accepted Vlach refugees from Moscopole, Nikolitsa, Linotopi and other Vlach places that were ruined by the raiders. Furthermore, people from Neveska moved to places in eastern Macedonia, including Ano Poroia, Kato Tzoumagia, Alistrati, Nigrita, Serres and others. During the Macedonian uprising of 1878, the revolutionary leader Vasileios Zourkas from Neveska operated in the areas of Varnous and Mariovo.</p><br>
<h2>Sights</h2><br>
<p>Nymfaio hosts a Museum of Gold and Silver-smithery, Folklore, and History, inaugurated in 2000 and located in a traditional building in the centre of the village. It displays furniture, artisan jewelry, and religious silverware. There are also showcases displaying authentic costumes as well as photographs and other memorabilia of the Macedonian Struggle, including letters written by leaders of the Macedonian Struggle as Pavlos Melas and Germanos Karavangelis.</p><br>
<p>The Environmental Centre ARCTUROS is active in the area, and manages an environmental protection center for brown bears and wolves one-and-a-half kilometres from the village. The center is home to 13 bears and several wolves that were believed too weak to survive in the wild. The information centre is open to the public for several months of the year. There are currently 6 functioning hotels in Nymfaio, as well as an Orthodox Church. Next to the church is an old cemetery dating to the 18th and 19th centuries.</p><br>
<p>Desfina  is a town and a former municipality in the southern part of Phocis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Delphi, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 148.992 km. At the 2011 census, its population was 1,988. It is situated on a plateau at 680m elevation, 5 km from the Corinthian Gulf. It is 7 km southeast of Delphi, 9 km east of Itea and 30 km west of Livadeia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ruins near Desfina have been identified as those of the ancient towns Echedameia (Ἐχεδάμεια) and Medeon (Μεδεών). Both towns were destroyed by King Philip II of Macedon around 355-346 BC during the Third Sacred War and were never rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>One of the most important rebels of the Greek revolution, Bishop Isaias of Salona, fought for the liberation of Desfina until his execution by the Turks on 22 April 1821 and encouraged Athanasios Diakos for the battle of Alamana. Also, Isaias gave the signal for the beginning of revolution of Central Greece at the region of Prophet Daniel. His residence is found in Desfina and has been converted to a museum. In Desfina there is the Monastery of Honest Precursor which was distinguished at the revolution on 1821 as well as the very important Byzantine monument, the temple of Brigadiers near to the church of Saint Haralampos that dates to the 12th century.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>A large employer in the area of Desfina is Aluminium of Greece, which has a production facility at nearby Distomo. Before, the locals were mainly sustained by animal breeding. The most important traditional products in the region are bakery products, olives and oil, grapes and wine, meat, cheese products and honey.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<h2>Customs, traditions and feasts</h2><br>
<p>The Christmas and the Easter are celebrated with particular way mainly in villages and small town. Desfina is a town where the customs, the traditions and the feasts are still kept to a large extent. The most important festivities take place in August. The most important event is the feast of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary, which is celebrated on 15 August.</p><br>
<h2>Landmarks</h2><br>
<p>There are several historical monuments and temples in Desfina as well as the central square which dates back to the 19th century. The square of Desfina is encircled by traditional cafes and taverns which offer a view of Mount Parnassos.</p><br>
<p>New Abbey of Honest Precursor</p><br>
<p>Old Abbey of Honest Precursor</p><br>
<p>Temple of the Taxiarches</p><br>
<p>Temple of Brigadiers Metropolitan Temple of Virgin Mary</p><br>
<p>Temple of Saint Charalampos</p><br>
<p>Temple of Saint Dimitrios</p><br>
<p>Temple of the Holy Unmercenaries</p><br>
<p>Residence of Bishop Isaias</p><br>
<p>Residence of Spyros Papaloukas</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>Events and organizations</h2><br>
<p>The Cultural Association of Desfina I Proodos ("The Progress") was founded on 6 July 1979 and today numbers 200 members. The aim of the cultural association is the intellectual growth and moral culture, the promotion of spirit of culture and humanitarian bond between the members as well as contribution in the configuration of environment. The choir of Desfina, founded in 1999, consists of an adults and a childrens section.</p><br>
<p>There are two football clubs in Desfina: Isaias Desfina, founded in 1973, and Doxa Desfina, founded in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Settlements</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit of Desfina consists of the following settlements:</p><br>
<p>Agios Andreas</p><br>
<p>Agios Nikolaos</p><br>
<p>Desfina</p><br>
<p>Genimakia</p><br>
<p>Makria Mallia</p><br>
<p>Potamoi</p><br>
<p>Prosakos</p><br>
<p>Stenos</p><br>
<p>Sykia</p><br>
<p>Timios Prodromos Monastery</p><br>
<p>Valtos</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Isaias of Salona, bishop and freedom fighter</p><br>
<p>Spyros Papaloukas, painter</p><br>
<p>Lucas Papademos, economist and Prime Minister of Greece from 2011 to 2012</p><br>
<h2>Mayors of Desfina</h2><br>
<p>Efpalio  is a village and a former municipality in Phocis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Dorida, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 204.207 km. Population 6,086 .</p><br>
<p>The municipal unit Efpalio consists of sixteen communities: Kastraki, Efpalio, Managouli, Trikorfo, Malamata, Marathias, Monastiraki, Klima, Sergoula, Filothei, Kampos, Potidaneia, Teichio, Drosato, Palaioxari, and Pyrgos.</p><br>
<h2>Monasteries</h2><br>
<p>The area is also known for several important monasteries such as:</p><br>
<p>The monastery of Panagia of Varnakova. It is a Byzantine monastery, built in 1077 A.D. by Saint Arsenios. Varnakova was a centre of Orthodoxy and Greek culture, in the years during which the Latins influenced Western Greece and mainly during the Frankish rule when there were plans for converting Greek people into Catholics under the Pope of Rome. During the war of 1821 it was the center of supply for the freedom fighters of Roumeli. Today the sacred monastery of Panagia of Varnakova, found in the engulf of a great forest is a place of spiritual peace.</p><br>
<p>The newly built Monasteries of Trikorfo of St Augustine’s and Seraphim of Sarof. It is well known for its 400 bells and 62 church bells, as well as the musical monk group “Paparockades”</p><br>
<p>The historic monastery of St John of Thermes at the big springs of the river of Mantilo.</p><br>
<p>The old Christian church of Ascension of the Savior in New Koukoura.</p><br>
<p>The beautiful St John’s monastery of Efpalio made with Byzantine technique, and unique art. It is built on the fringe of Efpalio "Platanitsa" area. It is place of refreshment and religious celebrations.</p><br>
<h2>Other points of interest</h2><br>
<p>the popular Art Museum of Efpalio</p><br>
<p>the Mornos river dam and the man made lake it has created</p><br>
<p>Kefalogiefyro, an excellent and unique bridge in the region, perfectly constructed and well preserved over the narrow pass of Mornopotamos.</p><br>
<p>Kallieis  is a former municipality in the northern part of Phocis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Delphi, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 183.256 km. Its registered population in 2011 amounted to 1,673. The seat of the municipality was Mavrolithari, which is home to about 20% of the municipal unit population.</p><br>
<h2>Municipal districts</h2><br>
<p>Athanasios Diakos</p><br>
<p>Kastriotissa</p><br>
<p>Mavrolithari</p><br>
<p>Moussounitsa</p><br>
<p>Panourgias</p><br>
<p>Pyra</p><br>
<p>Stromi</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The municipality is mostly mountainous, with Mount Giona dominating the north, towards the boundary with Phthiotis. Most of the area is forested. Typical vegetation includes pine, fir, cypress and spruce trees; the higher altitudes are mostly barren, while and farmland is limited to the low-lying valleys. Main industries are agriculture and tourism.</p><br>
<p>Lidoriki or Loidoriki  is a village and a former municipality in Phocis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Dorida, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. In 2011 the population was 3,388. Its area is 409.577 km² covering nearly one-fifth of Phocis. Lidoriki is built on the western slopes of Mount Giona and over the Mornos river valley. It is the centre of the mountains of Dorida.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Lidoriki is located west of Amfissa, northwest of Itea and east-northeast of Nafpaktos. Lidoriki is located above the Mornos artificial reservoir, formed by the Mornos Dam, completed in 1974. The reservoir supplies the most of the drinking water used in Athens. Lidoriki is also connected to Amfissa via the largest tunnel in Greece with 16.5 km length. This is not a street tunnel, but an aquaeduct for the water from the Mornos reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lidoriki is attested since the late 9th century in the Notitiae Episcopatuum of the Patriarchate of Constantinople as a bishopric, a suffragan of the Metropolis of Larissa. From the Chronicle of Galaxeidi it is known that the area suffered from an outbreak of plague in 1054.</p><br>
<p>After 1204 it became part of the Despotate of Epirus until 1327, when it was occupied by the Catalans of the Duchy of Athens. Under Catalan rule it belonged to the County of Salona, and was mostly controlled by the Fadrique family. A castle (Lodorich castrum) is attested in the sources in the 14th century, but no trace of it survives. It was captured by the Ottomans under Sultan Bayezid I in January 1394, and then by the Despot of the Morea, Theodore I Palaiologos, in 1397, but it was finally conquered by the Ottomans soon after. In 1448, it was visited by the scholar and traveller Cyriacus of Ancona.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Lidoriki is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Amygdalia</p><br>
<p>Avoros</p><br>
<p>Dafnos</p><br>
<p>Diakopi</p><br>
<p>Doriko</p><br>
<p>Kallio (Kallio, Klima, Trividi)</p><br>
<p>Karoutes</p><br>
<p>Koniakos</p><br>
<p>Lefkaditi</p><br>
<p>Lidoriki</p><br>
<p>Malandrino</p><br>
<p>Pentapoli (Pentapoli, Aigitio, Lefka, Palaiokastro, Skaloula)</p><br>
<p>Perithiotissa</p><br>
<p>Stilia</p><br>
<p>Sotaina</p><br>
<p>Sykia</p><br>
<p>Vraila</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Tolofon  is a village and a former municipality in Phocis, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Dorida, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 131.384 km. In 2011 its population was 2,762. The seat of the municipality was in Erateini. The ancient site of Tolophon is located in the northeastern part of the municipal unit. It is situated on the mountainous north coast of the Gulf of Corinth.</p><br>
<h2>History and archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The region of Tolofon along with the valley of Erateini were relatively densely populated in the prehistoric and early historic periods according, at least, to the archaeological finds. Architectural remains and burial traces dated to the Middle Helladic period have been excavated on the beach of Tolofon and around the rupestral church of St. Paraskevi. At the site of Mathiou (or Marathiou) there are some visible remains of a Cyclopean fortification, typical of the Mycenaean era, and some fortifications at the sites Bouhouri and Palaiokastro of Vitrinitsa are also extant. A Mycenaean settlement must have existed on the Pitha hill, as attested by the Mycenaean pottery and shards discovered on the spot. The same hill was inhabited also in later periods, as attested by the fortifications of the Classical and Hellenistic periods. Scholars identify the site as ancient Oeantheia, one of the main cities of western Locris, but there is no secure testimony to that identification. However, one has to admit that large part of the building material of the site has been reused, for example at the medieval tower on the foothill of Pitha and at the Church of the Evangelistria (Panagia Polyportou), a Byzantine church of the 10th-11th century A.D. Finally, at Marathias close to Erateini a burial within a pithos (large jar) dated to the 7th century B.C. revealed a large number of Corinthian vessels, particularly aryballoi, as well as a scarab made of fayence, on display now at the Archaeological Museum of Amfissa. These finds attest to the commercial relations between the two shores of the Corinthian Gulf.</p><br>
<p>The modern settlement was established in the Middle Ages as Vitrinitsa (from Slavic Větrьnica, "windy place") and is first mentioned as one of the places plundered by the Normans in 1147.</p><br>
<p>Following the Fourth Crusade (1204), it became part of the Frankish Lordship of Salona. A small castle was built on a hill on the western edge of the plain, attested in literary sources in the 14th century but possibly built earlier. Only its ruined foundations survive today. Under Catalan rule after 1311, it was often given as an independent fief within the County of Salona, under its own castellan. It was captured by the Ottomans in 1394, and then by the Despot of the Morea Theodore I Palaiologos in 1397. The latter ceded it, along with the entire County of Salona, to the Knights Hospitaller in 1403–04. The Ottomans regained the area soon after, but ceded Vitrinitsa to the Republic of Venice. In 1445, the Despot of the Morea Constantine Palaiologos occupied the castle and port. It is possible that the settlement of Katakouzenopolis (Κατακουζηνόπολις), which Cyriacus of Ancona visited in the area in 1448 and which he identified with Oeantheia, is to be identified with Vitrinitsa. The entire area finally came under Ottoman control shortly after.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Tolofon is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Elaia (Elaia, Agios Ioannis island)</p><br>
<p>Erateini</p><br>
<p>Glyfada (Glyfada, Dafnochori)</p><br>
<p>Kallithea (Kallithea, Agia Eirini, Agios Nikolaos, Agios Nikolaos island, Agios Spyridonas, Klovinos, Prasoudi island, Flampourakia)</p><br>
<p>Makrini</p><br>
<p>Milea</p><br>
<p>Panormos (Panormos, Ormos Lemonias)</p><br>
<p>Tolofon (Tolofon, Paralia Tolofonos)</p><br>
<p>Trizonia (Trizonia island, Chania, Spilia)</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Sutton Lake is a 1,520 acre reservoir on the Elk River in Braxton and Webster counties, West Virginia. Sutton Lake is located just upstream of Sutton. It was authorized by Congress in the Flood Control Act of 1938. Construction of the dam began in 1956 and was completed in 1961. The dam is 210 ft high, 1,178 ft long, and constructed of concrete. The lake was named by Congressional action, Public Law 90-46, July 4, 1967.</p><br>
<h2>General information</h2><br>
<p>It is a beautiful lake, winding 14 miles along the Elk River, with many coves along its 40 miles of shoreline. The lake is 125 feet deep at the dam. Sutton Dam is located just above the Town of Sutton, 101 miles above the mouth of the Elk River in Charleston. It is a concrete-gravity structure 210 feet high, 1,178 feet long, and 195 feet wide at the base. It controls a 537 square mile drainage area, including the upper Elk River, and the Holly River. Sutton Dam was built primarily for flood control on the Elk, Kanawha and Ohio Rivers. During periods of flooding, water is stored behind the dam, frequently reducing the severity of flooding below the dam. It was completed in 1961 at a cost of $35 million. Flood damages have been reduced by more than $375 million by flood control efforts at Sutton Dam. The USA Army Corps of Engineers operates and maintains the dam and project recreation facilities. Restrooms are located at the Project Office and all recreation areas. For more information about Braxton County and area attractions, visit the Braxton County Visitor and Convention Bureau&#39;s web site.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>Some reports of a 2013 Wake Forest University study of selenium contamination in Sutton Lake in North Carolina (allegedly due to coal ash from the Sutton power plant of Duke Energy). erroneously attributed this contamination to Sutton Lake in West Virginia. Sutton Lake in North Carolina is on the Cape Fear River; whereas Sutton Lake in West Virginia is on the Elk River, an entirely different river drainage basin.</p><br>
<p>Kallikrateia  is a municipal unit in Chalkidiki, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Nea Propontida, before which it was a municipality with its seat in the town Nea Kallikrateia. The municipal unit has an area of 108.894 km. According to the census of 2011, it has a population of 11,571 people.</p><br>
<p>Nea Kallikrateia was established after the refugee crisis in 1922, mainly by the residents who came from Kallikrateia in Eastern Thrace and set up in the area, where the metohi of the Xenofontos Monastery of Mount Athos existed and it was called “Stomion”. Many testimonies report that it was inhabited by the prehistoric years; however, they are not confirmed.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit of Kallikrateia consists of the communities of Agios Pavlos, Lakkoma, Nea Gonia, Nea Kallikrateia and Nea Silata.</p><br>
<p>Ormylia  is a town and a former municipality in Chalkidiki, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Polygyros, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 88.002 km. In 2011 Ormylia had a population of 4,282.</p><br>
<h2>Institutions</h2><br>
<p>The Ormylia Foundation: Founded by Archimandrite Aimilianos "...established... to make a contribution for the benefit of mankind and culture in the tradition of Orthodox Monasticism.....In February 2006, the Greek state, recognizing the social and scientific contribution of this monastic foundation, passed a special law approving its establishment as a public welfare institution under the name Ormylia Foundation with the title Panagia Philanthropini Center. The Foundation is a legal entity of private law and comes under the jurisdiction and supervision of the Minister of Economy and Finance, the Minister of Development, the Minister of Health and Social Solidarity and the Minister of Culture. It is governed by the provisions of its establishment act."</p><br>
<p>Panagia Philanthropini Center: "Center for Social Advancement, Disease Prevention and Medical Research, Panagia Philanthropini was founded in 1982, eight years after the foundation of the Orthodox Christian Convent of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in Ormylia, Chalkidike, northern Greece.... The mission of the Center is to comfort and alleviate the suffering of human beings without preference to race, religion, gender, or creed.... the Center provides high quality standardized cancer tests for the underserved."</p><br>
<p>The Railway Exchange Building is a 84.4 m, 21-story high-rise office building in St. Louis, Missouri. The 1914 steel-frame building is in the Chicago school architectural style, and was designed by architect Mauran, Russell & Crowell. The building was the city&#39;s tallest when it opened, and remains the second-largest building in downtown St. Louis by interior area, with almost 1,200,000 ft2 of space.</p><br>
<p>The building was long home to the flagship store of the Famous-Barr chain of department stores &mdash; and the headquarters of its parent company May Department Stores &mdash; until the brand was bought by Macys; the store was converted to a Macys in 2006. Macy&#39;s decided to sell the building in 2008 and closed the store in 2013.</p><br>
<p>In January 2017, the building was purchased for $20 million by Hudson Holdings, a National Historic Property Developer based in Delray Beach, Florida.</p><br>
<p>Stagira-Akanthos  is a former municipality in Chalkidiki, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Aristotelis, of which it is a municipal unit. Population 8,705 . The seat of the former municipality was in Ierissos, which is also the seat of the municipality Aristotelis. The land area of the municipal unit is 253.373 km². It lies north of the autonomous area of Mount Athos. The Greek philosopher Aristotle was born in the ancient city of Stageira, in the northwest part of the municipal unit.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Stagira-Akanthos is subdivided into the following communities:</p><br>
<p>Ammouliani</p><br>
<p>Ierissos</p><br>
<p>Nea Roda</p><br>
<p>Olympiada</p><br>
<p>Ouranoupoli</p><br>
<p>Stagira</p><br>
<p>Stratoniki</p><br>
<p>Stratoni</p><br>
<p>Toroni  is an ancient Greek city and a former municipality in the southwest edge of Sithonia peninsula in Chalkidiki, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Sithonia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 193.973 km.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to mythology, Toroni was wife to Proteus, son of Poseidon. The ancient city was founded by Chalkidian settlers probably during the 8th century BC. Its strategic location and rich resources developed Toroni into one of the most significant cities in Chalkidiki, giving its name to the gulf that forms between Pallene and Sithonia peninsulas. During the Greco-Persian Wars it allied with the Persians, who as a reward gave Olynthus to Kritoboulos, a local ruler, in 479 and later became part of the Athenaean League, contributing one of the highest taxes that reached 12 Attic talents per year, giving an indication of its prosperity. When the Peloponnesian War broke out, the Athenians, fearing a revolt against them, placed a garrison in the city but that did not stop Brasidas, the Spartan general from seizing the city with a surprise attack during the night, before he came to an understanding with the Toronaeans in 423. He then tried to expand the citys walls by including the harbour suburb (Προάστειον), before leaving to attack Amphipolis. However, the Athenians recaptured Toroni under Nicias, just before the return of Brasidas, who was 2 miles away. When war ended, Toroni, a leading member of the Olynthian synoecism, became part of the Chalcidian League, which included most of the peninsulas cities.</p><br>
<p>After 348, and the abolition of the league by Phillip, Toroni became part of Macedon.</p><br>
<p>In 168 the Romans invaded and the city decayed, but did not cease to exist, as indicated by the harbour fort, Lecythus, which was rebuilt during the Byzantine era. It is also a titular see in the Roman Catholic Church. The site continued to be occupied up to the 17th century, when the population abandoned the old city and moved to the modern town of Toroni, about one km north of the ancient city.</p><br>
<p>Its strong walls and other buildings were destroyed in 1903, when the Ottomans used the city&#39;s granite stones to cover some central roads of Constantinople and Thessaloniki.</p><br>
<h2>Topography - Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Traces of prehistoric settlements of the 3rd century BC and many other ancient remains, including early Christian and Byzantine temples, and castles are evidence that the area was inhabited continuously from the Neolithic era.</p><br>
<p>Surveys were conducted by the XVI Ephorate of Classical Antiquities in 1975. The harbour port, Lecythus (Λήκυθος), is being refurbished.</p><br>
<p>The ancient city extends in three main areas: the Acropolis located to the rocky and extremely bluff hill between Porto Koufo and Lecythus, which was connected with the city via long walls; the main ancient city, in the plateau southwest of acropolis up to the coast, that includes Lecythus fort; and the Proasteion (suburb) of the city, in today&#39;s narrow, but in antiquity much broader neck of land that connects Lecythus and the city.</p><br>
<p>In the Acropolis and the main city, parts of the fortification are clearly visible along with dispread stone blocks, ancient pantiles and broken pottery which are found everywhere. Unfortunately, most of the city&#39;s buildings were destroyed in the beginning of the 20th century, when the Ottoman authorities hired an Italian engineer in order to collect the stone blocks to use them as paving in roads. The Lecythus fort, next to the harbour, was rebuilt during the Byzantine era, along with cinsterns and a small early Christian temple.</p><br>
<p>Parts of the ancient city, including most of the Proasteion, the agora and the ancient harbour are nowadays sunk 35m from the coast, as the underwater surveys have proven, since a large 60m long and 2m wide foundation was found, probably the ancient seawall. The whole area between this foundation and the modern coastline is scattered with stoneworks and large amounts of pottery, which indicate the presence of large buildings. All these are concluding that this is the area that the Athenaean garrison fortified when Brasidas seized the city, according to Thucydides&#39; accounts.</p><br>
<p>Special emphasis was given by the excavators to the cemetery during the inhabitance of the Iron era. Its duration is approximated to be from the end of the 2nd century till the middle of the 9th century. In this cemetery 134 tombs were discovered with 118 being cremated and 16 simple burials. There were 500 pots discovered which were used either as burials or as cremators for the dead.</p><br>
<h2>Modern Toroni</h2><br>
<p>Modern Toroni is a municipal unit in Sithonia, Chalkidiki, Greece with a population of 4,036 (2001). The seat of the former municipality was in Sykia. Its 2.5 km long curved beach of thick yellow sand is considered as one of the best in Sithonia, the middle peninsula of Chalkidiki, and comprise one of the most popular summer resorts of Sithonia.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Toroni is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Sarti</p><br>
<p>Sykia (Sykia, Valti, Destenika, Kalamitsi, Koufos, Paralia Sykias, Pigadaki, Platania, Toroni)</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>The Old Martin County Court House, built in 1937, is an historic Art Deco style courthouse building located at 80 East Ocean Boulevard in Stuart, Martin County, Florida. In 1989, it was listed in A Guide to Florida&#39;s Historic Architecture, published by the University of Florida Press. On November 7, 1997, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. On March 15, 2007, it was added to the Martin County Historic Register by the Martin County Historic Preservation Board. It is now known as the Courthouse Cultural Center and is the headquarters of the Arts Council, Inc., the designated local arts agency for Martin County.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect L. Phillips Clarke of West Palm Beach and built by Chalker & Lund of poured concrete walls with terrazzo floors in the Art Deco style for the WPA as a northern addition to the first Martin County courthouse, which had been built in 1908 as a Palm Beach County public school building and converted to courthouse use after Martin County was created in 1925. The four words, Martin County Court House, were prominently etched into the front of the addition, where they still remain. Because of this, both the National Register and the Cultural Center have retained the two-word spelling of courthouse even though the one-word version is the preferred one.</p><br>
<p>In 1954, the county bought a building to the west that had been used as an automobile dealership by Web Ordway Ford and later as an A & P grocery store and converted it into a courthouse annex. At the same time, the county extended the original courthouse and the 1937 addition west to abut the annex and joined their hallways. The county also extended the 1937 addition and the old school house on the east side. Both of these 1954 additions were bland, utilitarian structures of no particular architectural merit.</p><br>
<p>Later when the county outgrew this assemblage of buildings, it decided to build a new courthouse and constitutional officers complex to the south of the original courthouse and to tear down the original courthouse, all additions and the annex. The City of Stuart, though, with much public support, prevailed on the county commission to save the 1937 addition and to use it as a cultural center. There was some sentiment to save the original schoolhouse building, but this was determined not to be feasible.</p><br>
<h2>Resources</h2><br>
<p>Florida&#39;s Historic Courthouses by Hampton Dunn</p><br>
<p>John Work House and Mill Site is a site listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana just outside Charlestown, owned by the Lincoln Heritage Council, , as part of the Tunnel Mill Scout Reservation. For a century, it was an active gristmill until technology made it obsolete, and arson destroyed much of it. Prominent features around the site are Fourteen Mile Creek and the Devil&#39;s Backbone. The land is now used by the Boy Scouts of America for camping activities such as National Youth Leadership Training and a Webelos Camp. In 2010, part of the Tunnel Mill camp was leased to a private company for the purpose of restoring the Historic John Work House for use as a living history center. In order to prevent vandalism and amateur ghost hunters from further damaging the building, security guards patrol the property each night.</p><br>
<h2>Mill days</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1811. John Work (b. December 9, 1760</p><br>
<p>In 1814 John Work (1760–1834) decided to build a new gristmill, to replace the one he had bought in 1804 from the brothers John and James Bates, for which he paid $10 an acre 100 acre, but needed repair. It was near the only road leading from Charlestown and New Washington to the growing Madison. Spotting where Fourteen Mile Creek made a S-curve around a limestone ridge and then dropped drastically, five miles (8 km) upcreek from the Ohio River, he decided to create a tunnel through a spur of a hill to act as a mill race, which would mean a better source of water to power his mill. The race was completed in 1816, and the mill itself in 1818. A total of 650 lb of powder made from saltpeter was used for the tunneling. The total cost was estimated at $3,300. The race was 6 ft deep and 5 ft wide; a 200 lb man reportedly rode through it on opening day. A dam was later built for better year around use. Work would be credited for building three more mills upstream.</p><br>
<p>The mill started operating in 1819. The mill was ideally situated by being a days ride from New Albany and Madison, the second and third largest cities in Indiana at the time, and for being so close to Ohio River landings. A sawmill was added to the mill, as was a saltworks, powdermill, and still. Tunnel Mill was also the first mill in the region to use a series of elevators to move corn called the Evans and Ellicotts machinery, which made milling the work of two people instead of six, a great technological advantage over those who had to carry sacks of corn all the way to the top of the mill so it could be milled step by step. The mill was able to handle 2.5 barrels of corn an hour. Soon after being built, Work&#39;s Mill was the most profitable and efficient in the area. Even after most local small mills closed due to not being able to compete with large urban mills, the Tunnel Mill still operated.</p><br>
<p>After Work&#39;s death on February 1, 1832, An addition was added to the house in the 1860s.</p><br>
<p>The mill would remain in operation in the 1920s as the sole remaining operating gristmill in Clark County, but would be sparsely used as mills in Louisville were cleaner and more efficient due to their modern technology. However, the mill was often used as a bathing house for those who liked to swim in the creek. On August 1, 1927, a fire destroyed the mill building. No one knows if it was started by a discarded cigarette, by one of the swimmers, or by the last owner, Henry Murphy, who reportedly had a history of his properties burning. Plans to rebuild the mill in 1958 and 1981 were never realized, although the 1990s did see the addition of a garage to the house.</p><br>
<p>There were plans for development to occur on the property. In 1904 three developers from Jeffersonville planned an inter-urban trolley line between Charlestown and Madison, and would have placed a fifty-foot hydroelectric dam where the mill&#39;s dam would be, which would have made a 100 acre lake, for which could be use for public recreation. Engineers at the time decided it was not feasible. The plan was brought back in 1921, but it was also a failure. 1935 would see the last attempt of such a project, but while a new dam was finished in 1936, it produced no electricity. In 1940 rural electrification finally powered the property.</p><br>
<h2>Work/Faris Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>A cemetery containing the plots of John Work, his wife Sarah Jackson, and other Clark County pioneers is located on the property. It is by the bridge across Fourteen Mile Creek near the old camp entrance. The last known burial at the cemetery was in 1869 for Rebecca Work Drummond Faris.</p><br>
<h2>Tunnel Mill Scout Reservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1927 Henry Murphy decided he wanted to sell the 142 acre of land he held around the burnt mill. The newly formed Boy Scout Council, the George Rogers Clark Council (formed by Scouts of Clark, Floyd, Harrison, Scott, and Washington counties) was seeking an area for a camp. In 1917 local Troop 3 had used the Work property as a summer camp, and used it for three straight summers. On April 2, 1928, Murphy sold the property to the Scouts. Organizations around the area pitched in to improve the property, allowing the camp to open in 1929. A series of three-sided pioneer-style cabins were built near the cemetery in 1933. In 1942 the Scoutmasters Cabin and Evergreen cabins were completed. In 1950 the McDonald Bridge was completed across Fourteen Mile Creek. The camp saw its greatest use in the 1950s and 1960s, with 564 scouts the highest attendance ever (1960). In 1969 the propertys swimming pool was built, as the creek was no longer safe to swim in.In the 1980s The Works Home was renovated by the Camp Ranger Jeff Streets, who then moved into the Works home after completion. Since 1993 the property has seen less use, as George Rogers Clark Council merged with another council, and the rough terrain protects it from development. Since the merger, the camp has been used primarily by Cub Scouts and for winter camping.</p><br>
<p>On November 6, 1996, Andy Campbell, a ranger serving as the caretaker of the property was shot to death by Roger Caldwell, "a diagnosed, paranoid schizophrenic" who trespassed onto the property while drunk. This was the first such incident in the history of Scouting. Campbell was able to drag himself 50 ft to call 911. After police arrived on the scene to get information about the drunk from Campbell, they found Caldwell wandering on Ind-62. Caldwell was sentenced to 70 years in prison, with parole possible after 31 years.</p><br>
<h2>Legends</h2><br>
<p>There are many legends surrounding the property. One involves stepping on a particular step on the McDonald Bridge at night. If stepped upon, a ghost will chase you down to kill you unless you race up the hill before it catches you. Another legend is that a cache of gold is somewhere near the old mill. The ghost of John Work reportedly haunts the remains of the mill. Sadly, these legends made the property a target for vandals and ghosthunters.</p><br>
<p>There is also reportedly a silver mine known to the Indians here. Local Indians had Work mill their corn, and paid him in silver ore. When Work asked of the source of the ore, the Indians said they had a mine, but they would never tell any white where the mine was located. If such a mine exists, it has yet to be found. Gold flakes have been found in the stream, enough to fill a vial.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Today the property includes a cabin village, a swimming pool, and a dining hall built in 2000. The current dining hall replaced the one from the 1980s that once served as a steakhouse in Jeffersonville. Aside from Scouts, the Civil Air Patrol has used the property for training. The House and the remains of the mill became part of the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The restoration of the house was budgeted to cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, and was deemed too expensive for the Lincoln Heritage Council. Earlier in the year, Taylor Rose Historical Outfitters, a private company that specializes in the historical reenactment supplies, contracted with Lincoln Heritage Council to restore and preserve the John Work House, leasing the house for a $1 a year. However, the Work House was seen to have "improved prospects" and was not on the 2011 endangered list. The eventual plan is for the house to become an educational living history center as well as a workshop and storefront for the company&#39;s historically-focused business operations. Future plans include classes, living history events and a research library, as well as building a mill similar to the one Work had built.</p><br>
<p>File:Tunnel Mill 2011 Chapel.JPGOld Boy Scout Chapel</p><br>
<p>File:Tunnel Mill 2011 Pioneer Cabins.JPGCabins by the cemetery</p><br>
<p>File:Tunnel Mill 2011 Tower Road.JPGRoad from bridge/cemetery to further inside camp</p><br>
<p>File:Tunnel Mill 2011 Order of the Arrow building.JPGOrder of the Arrow lodge</p><br>
<p>File:Tunnel Mill 2011 Inside John Work House.JPGInside of the John Work House near beginning of restoration</p><br>
<p>File:Tunnel Mill 2011 John Work House entry.JPGEntry to the house</p><br>
<p>File:Tunnel Mill 2011 Reenactment.JPGAmerican Civil War hypothetical battle near the house</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<h3>Footnotes</h3><br>
<p>Tafahi is a small  island in the north of the Tonga archipelago, in fact closer to Savaii  than the main islands of Tonga. It is only 9 km north-northeast away from Niuatoputapu, and fishermen commute in small outboard motorboats almost daily between the two.</p><br>
<p>Other names for Tafahi are Cocos Eylant (coconut island) or Boscawen island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Tafahi is a volcanic island and has the typical cone shape of a stratovolcano. The mountain is called Piu-o-Tafahi (fanpalm of Tafahi) and is 560 m high. (The island, 3.42 km&sup2, is smaller than Niuatoputapu, but higher). The soil is extremely suited for growing kava and vanilla, whose exports to the rest of Tonga and beyond is the main occupation of the population.</p><br>
<p>The harbour (merely an opening in the fringing reef, only passable by small boats) is at the northwest of the island. A steep staircase leads up to the village, with about 69 residents at the census of 2001, located on a plateau on the north side of the mountain. There is a government primary school.</p><br>
<h2>Myth</h2><br>
<p>It is told in local mythology that some naughty aitu from Sāmoa one night wanted to steal the mountain of Niuafoou to bring it to Sāmoa. It started off well for them, they got the mountain, leaving Niuafoou behind with a big lake in its centre, and were dragging it through the sea, already halfway near Niuatoputapu. They had to hurry because aitu law prescribed that they had to complete the work before sunrise.</p><br>
<p>But the fish god Seketoa saw them and did not like it. He ordered his matāpule (spokesmen) to cry as roosters, in the hope that the aitu would think that dawn was close and they could as well give up. But it did not work, the aitu were not ready yet to give up and only pulled harder. Then Seketoa himself acted. He swam in front of the ghosts, showing them his anus, which was red. The ghosts were frightened. They thought they saw the red sun rising and that it was already morning. They dropped the mountain and fled to Sāmoa. That is the reason that Tafahi is now where it is.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tafahi was put on the European maps by Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire during their famous circumnavigation of the globe in 1616. They were it who gave it the name Cocos Eylant because of the abundancy of coconut palms. A multitude of natives in their outrigger canoes came to see their visitors. As the explorers describe in their journal, the natives were peaceful, willing to come on board, leaving barely any space for the Dutch themselves, and they traded large quantities of coconuts and ubes roots (probably ufi (yam)) for iron nails and strings of beads. But as the island did not offer a suitable place to anchor, the ship the Eendracht (Unity) proceeded next to Niuatoputapu.</p><br>
<p>It is speculated by Swiss Walter Hurni and described by the Swiss author Alex Capus, that Robert Louis Stevenson, the author of Treasure Island, found the Treasure of Lima around 1890 on this island while living on the nearby island of Upolu and which made him and his family very rich.</p><br>
<h2>Language</h2><br>
<p>Jacob LeMaire tried to collect words from the natives. He put 32 words in his journal as the Vocabulaer: Oft Tale van dEylanden Salomonis, and some more of the Tale van het Cocos Eylant. It was not until 1945 that it was discovered that those labeled as from Cocoa Island were in reality words from Futuna, and those mislabeled as the Solomons Islands (where the Eendracht would not come at all) were actually from Tafahi. The many errors (e.g., the printer in Holland printed an n as a u&#39;) do not help in the analysis. In addition, when the Dutch left Tafahi for Niuatoputapu, many canoes from there had already come to them. LeMaire probably recorded a mixture of the languages of both islands. When the words from his list are compared to modern Tongan, Sāmoan, Uvean and Futunan, as well as Fijian, it appears that they come from all of the languages, but mostly from Futunan and Samoan.</p><br>
<p>Nowadays the people from Tafahi and Niuatoputapu speak Tongan. But up to the 19th century both islands must have had a quite distinct language. In 1835 the missionary Peter Turner, on his way to Sāmoa, had a stop in Niuatoputapu and found that "there are many Samoans here…". The theory that the Tui Tonga empire had thoroughly "Tonganised" its colonies using Loau&#39;s Falefā cannot be maintained.</p><br>
<p>The real subjection of Niuatoputapu and Tafahi to Tonga does not start until the establishment of the Haafalefisi line and the Māatu chiefly line in Niuatoputapu.</p><br>
<p>Pikestones is the remains of a Neolithic Burial Cairn, located on Anglezarke moor in Lancashire, England. The site is approximately 150 feet  long and 60 feet  across at its widest point. It consisted of one burial chamber constructed of large upright slabs, capped by two lintel slabs, forming a chamber of 15 feet  long, 3 feet  wide and 3 feet  high, covered by a huge mound of stones and turves. The cairn was aligned almost exactly North-South, with the burial chamber under the wider northern end. At the northern edge of the cairn, a double wall could be made out, curving inwards to form an entrance to a forecourt.</p><br>
<p>Today the cairn has been badly robbed and the main features are the five large gritstone slabs, the remains of the burial chamber.</p><br>
<p>Surprisingly, evidence suggests that the bodies were not interred directly in the tomb, but were left outside, perhaps at the entrance to the cairn, for birds and wild animals to consume the flesh and then, probably after elaborate ceremonies, the bones were placed inside the chamber.</p><br>
<p>Pikestones is the earliest man-made structure in the area and only one other chambered tomb has been found in Lancashire. The monument must have taken an immense amount of labour to construct and like most long barrows was erected in a prominent position, located on a ridge at a height of just over 900 feet (276 metres). This gave the neolithic builders excellent views, and made the structure visible from a wide area of the Lancashire plain, perhaps warning other people that the land belonged to the builders.</p><br>
<p>The Osceola County Courthouse  is a historic courthouse in Kissimmee, Florida, located at 2 Courthouse Square. On August 16, 1977, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kissimmee City has the oldest Courthouse in the State of Florida. The county Courthouse was formed in 1887; this county came up about from the parts of Orange and Brevard Counties. To determine the name of the county, the county commissioners decided to hold elections on February 6, 1887; the names they come up with for the county was Kissimmee City, Runnymeade, and Hell or Hades; Kissimmee City won with 421 votes. When the elections were done the committee was formed and they started right away to find a location to build a Courthouse and jail for the new County Seat. The D.B. Stewart family helped purchased the Historic Osceola Courthouse in 1888 for $2,205.32.</p><br>
<p>The new designs for the Courthouse and a jail were ready in August 1888 so they could start building the blue print "building plans" by F.C. Johnson. The type of design is a Typical of Romanesque revival Courthouse that was constructed throughout the United States during the late 1800s. The Osceola Courthouse building is one of four remaining in Florida. The Romanesque architectural elements for the courthouse include the tower that is above the entrance, the round arches that are on the portico—which is also above the doors, and the segmental arches above the windows. The new County held many elections to help raise bonds for the construction of the Courthouse and jail, the first election was held on March 23, 1889; this election was really close and was won by only two more points. Since the first election they held was a "free and open" election the commissioners of the county decided to hold another election on April 10, 1889. On July 1, 1889 thirty bonds were issued in units of 1,000 each with an interest of 7% to pay the Courthouse and jail construction. The final payment on the Courthouse was paid in July 1909.</p><br>
<p>The new Courthouse had many maintenance problems; for example, in 1892 there were cracks in the plastered walls. The repairs for the tower and roof were done by J.F.Willson with a charge of $21.00 for the repairs of the Courthouse. The County Jail was wired in 1901 and the county paid its first electric bill on April 2, 1901 of $1.64. The county began to rise in technology in 1902 by purchasing its first typewriter at $175.00, and in 1905 the Courthouse got a telephone. Even just renting the phone alone was $2.50 per month, which also made the electric bill rise to $2.79. In February 1907, the bill was paid to Kissimmee Electric Company $131.16 for it to wire the Courthouse which made the electric bill rise to $8.65.</p><br>
<p>All types of cases were held in the Courthouse from chicken thievery and the selling of moonshine to high-profile murder cases which all have been heard in the Historic Courthouse building. This Historic Court house has been a "home" to numerous judges, clerks of circuit court, probation and parole, county commissioners, the Sheriff and hundreds of employees throughout the years. Osceola County Courthouse made history on August 16, 1977 and was added to the Historic Register. Although Osceola County built a new and larger Courthouse building, the third floor courtroom of the Historic Courthouse building is still an active courtroom, and Osceola County continues to claim the honor of having the oldest Courthouse still being used in the State of Florida.</p><br>
<p>This information for this short history of the Osceola County Courthouse was gathered from the book 100 Years of Justice by Robert D. Dietrich.</p><br>
<p>Three islands form a linear group by the riverside at the end of the historic main street of Thames Ditton, in the River Thames in Surrey, on the Kingston reach above Teddington Lock. Thames Ditton Island, the largest of the three, is 350 yd long and has 47 homes with gardens . Boyle Farm Island has a single house and Swan Island, between the two, is the smallest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry VIII lived at Hampton Court long before there were any locks; these reached Teddington from upriver by 1810. The River Thames was then tidal and Kingston Bridge was the only bridge above Putney Bridge and below Chertsey Bridge. As there was no Hampton Court Bridge, a usual way to Hampton Court from the south-west of Surrey and thereabouts was by carriage or cart, northwards down Thames Ditton High Street, over what is now a public slipway where the river is wide, and at low tide straight through the ford to the other side. When the tide was in, ferrymen would charge a groat or two.</p><br>
<p>Travelling from London to Hampton Court, instead of using Kingston Bridge the monarch would often be rowed up from Westminster to the palace. The last stretch of the river to the palace was a notably narrower, more twisting creek, especially at low tide at times of lower rainfall. To effect a grander arrival and alleviate flooding of the village, the river was dug out straight, thus leaving the islands separated from the grounds of Hampton Court on the north bank (in Middlesex). Before locks and weirs controlled the levels, Summer Road in Thames Ditton would flood at most high tides – its mud would not dry in the winter months, making it impassable, hence its name.</p><br>
<p>The first wooden bridge over the river at Hampton Court opened in 1753 and had a toll collected by a bridge-keeper. A ferry remained at the Swan Inn near the islands until at least 1911, and charged less than the toll. The original rather rickety bridge was replaced by a more substantial timber one in 1778. In 1865 this was replaced by a steel and brick bridge, and in 1933 this was in turn replaced by the existing concrete structure. The Thames locks began to appear late in the 18th century, &#39;Moulsey&#39; (today called Molesey) was built in 1815.</p><br>
<p>Boyle Farm was in the 19th century the property of the 1st Lord St Leonards (1781—1875), a jurist (legal researcher and publisher), barrister, and Lord Chancellor. The residents petitioned Middlesex County Council in 1930, requesting to be transferred from Middlesex to Surrey. The island was finally transferred from the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, Greater London to Esher Urban District, Surrey on 1 April 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Historic use</h2><br>
<p>For many centuries the island formed part of the lands of the Manor of Imworth (Imber) appurtenant to land that became Forde&#39;s Farm and later Boyle Farm. In a survey of the manor of Imber in 1608 the island was known as Colly&#39;s Eite (Ait or Eyot meaning a small island) and is recorded as &#39;2 acres of pasture&#39;. On the Surrey bank opposite, where the Swan Inn was built, the slipway and nearby wharf provided a useful dock for the passage of goods and people up and down the river. Large sailing barges from the Port of London would moor here to load or unload, their crews and attendant waggoners taking rest and sustenance at the inn.</p><br>
<p>The island was then not much more than a muddy hump, but the skiffs of the day trippers from Kingston would be moored there to allow their occupants to enjoy a riverside picnic. In the early 20th century came a fad for riverside weekend bungalows: the idea spread and a number of holiday chalets were built on the island. Life there must have been a matter of indoor camping, as there were no facilities of any kind: water and paraffin had to ferried over in cans, and only the smarter sheds had a roof over the earth closet.</p><br>
<p>As time passed, the attractions of the waterside location drew more and more people, so that by 1930 the whole of the perimeter was covered in wooden bungalows, with the owners&#39; boats moored at the bottom of their gardens. The building of the suspension bridge in 1939 by David Rowell & Co. really opened up the island as a place for permanent occupation by providing passage on foot, carrying water, electricity and gas in, and enabling installation of WCs by transferring sewage out to the town drains. Originally leased from the island&#39;s owner, the publican at the Olde Swan, by 1963 all the houses had passed into freehold ownership and a limited company was formed to take over the bridge and adjacent gardens and to provide maintenance services.</p><br>
<h2>Boyle Farm Island</h2><br>
<p>Boyle Farm Island is the second largest of the three islands. ({{coord|51|23|33.5|N|0|19|47|W|scale:5000_region:GB-SRY_type:isle|display=inline|name=Boyle Farm Island}}) It contains a single house, home to just one family. It is directly opposite the historic mansion of Boyle Farm, which is now known as the Home of Compassion. Whereas its larger partner, Thames Ditton Island, was part of Middlesex and then Greater London, Boyle Farm Island has always belonged to Surrey.</p><br>
<h2>Swan Island</h2><br>
<p>Swan Island is the smallest of the three islands. ({{coord|51|23|34.5|N|0|19|50|W|scale:5000_region:GB-SRY_type:isle|display=inline|name=Swan Island}}) On it was once the ferryman&#39;s hut, recently rebuilt by the present owner. Local historian Philip J. Burchett surmised that the original incumbent must have passed a meagre life, taking people across the main stream and to and from the island for a small fee at all times of the day and night.It remains an independent island or ait although a bridge of silt now links it to the main island other than at high water.</p><br>
<h2>Use of the island today</h2><br>
<p>Each householder on Thames Ditton Island is a member of the maintenance company, whose main functions are the purchase of water and the regular repainting of the bridge. Properties on the island are all residences with tidy moorings – in total, 47. The island is 350 yd long.</p><br>
<p>Nearly all the dwellings are on stilts, to reduce the chance of flood damage, but in the 2007 floods the river rose to cover the island in several feet of water. In early 2014, the island was again flooded to a depth of several feet. The river level at Thames Ditton was the highest since recording began in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Kardamyla  is a village and a former municipality on the island of Chios, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Chios, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located in the northeastern corner of the island, opposite the island of Oinousses to the east. It has a land area of 182.480 km². It had a population of 2,234 in 2011. Kardamyla , the seat of the former municipality, is located on the coast of a small bay. The homes, shops and plateia of the village are on one side of the bay facing Agios Markos and cliffs which are located on the opposite side of the bay. On clear days, the island of Lesbos can be seen in the distance beyond the bay enclosure. It is a short boat ride from the neighbouring island of Oinousses. Both Oinousses and Kardamyla are known as the home villages of Greek ship-owners. The largest town in the municipal unit is Mármaron .</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Sights in the village include "The V", a large white V painted on the cliffs facing the village. It was created after World War II to celebrate the "V"ictory of the Allies, and is kept painted white every year since. Kardamylitians are proud of it and many take on the challenge of cliff-climbing to it.</p><br>
<p>Mastichochoria  is a former municipality on the island of Chios, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Chios, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located in the southwestern and extreme southern part of the island. It is the largest municipal unit in land area on Chios at 211.687 km. Its population was 3,672 at the 2001 census. The seat of the municipality was Pyrgi . The next largest villages are Kalamotí , Armólia , Mestá , and Lithío . The small coastal village of Emporeios  boasts an archaeological site.</p><br>
<p>This area is well known for the production of mastic, from which it derives its name. Mastic is the hardened resin of the mastic tree and is only harvested on Chios, being a major part of the local economy. In the village of Pyrgi, there is even a small Museum of Mastic.</p><br>
<p>Within the European Union, Chios mastika, a mastic-flavoured liqueur has a protected designation of origin. The island&#39;s mastic production is controlled by a co-operative of medieval villages. The local producers are united under the Chios Gum Mastic Growers Association.</p><br>
<h2>Chios Gum Mastic Growers Association</h2><br>
<p>Founded in 1938, the Chios Gum Mastic Growers Association (Ένωση Μαστιχοπαραγωγών Χίου), abbreviated CGMGA, is a cooperative organisation and acts as the collective representative organ of twenty primary cooperatives totalling nearly 5000 members in the twenty-four villages of southern Chios. It has the exclusive management of Chios mastika in Greece and abroad. Its international equivalent in French is the Union des Producteurs de Gomme Mastic de Chio.</p><br>
<p>The organisation is mainly involved with the management of the agricultural production, supporting local growers, stimulating research, and providing legal assistance.</p><br>
<p>The CGMGA has a Board of Directors consists of nine members. Three members are permanent: these are the Director of the Agricultural Service, the technical supervisor of the ATE bank and the Commissioner of NCGAC. The other six board positions are elected.</p><br>
<h3>List of mastic villages</h3><br>
<p>Mesta</p><br>
<p>Olimpi</p><br>
<p>Pirgi</p><br>
<p>Armolia</p><br>
<p>Kalamoti</p><br>
<p>Patrika</p><br>
<p>Kini</p><br>
<p>Vouno</p><br>
<p>Nenita</p><br>
<p>Katarraktis</p><br>
<p>Kallimassia</p><br>
<p>Messa Didima</p><br>
<p>Ekso Didima</p><br>
<p>Mirmigi</p><br>
<p>Tholopotami</p><br>
<p>Agios Georgios</p><br>
<p>Vessa</p><br>
<p>Elata</p><br>
<p>Lithi</p><br>
<p>Neochorio</p><br>
<h2>Museum of Mastic</h2><br>
<p>On 11 June 2016, the Chios Mastic Museum (Μουσείο Μαστίχας Χίου) opened its doors in Rachi, on the southern part of Chios in the region of the Mastichochoria. It offers a permanent exhibition about mastiha production on the island, explaining its history and cultivation techniques as well as demonstrating its different uses today.</p><br>
<h2>Historical events</h2><br>
<p>In the Chios Massacre of 1822, during the Ottoman rule of Chios, the people of Mastichochoria were spared so that they could continue serve the Sultan by providing him and his harem with mastic.</p><br>
<p>In 2012 the Mastichochoria and its trees were threatened by a wildfire that broke out in the southern part of the island.</p><br>
<p>Mount Moriah is a 12,072 ft mountain in the northern Snake Range of eastern White Pine County, Nevada, United States. It is the fifth-highest mountain in the state, and also ranks as the ninth-most topographically prominent peak in the state. It is located in the Mount Moriah Wilderness administered by the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Moriah rises over 6,000 ft vertical feet above the Snake Valley on its east flank, and the Spring Valley to its west. The summit is the highest point in the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.</p><br>
<p>Immediately to the north is a large flat sub-alpine area called The Table, which supports an ancient stand of Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus longaeva).</p><br>
<p>The mountain is about 37 mi east of Ely, the nearest town. USA Route 6 and USA Route 50 traverse the Sacramento Pass nearby, which divides the northern and southern sections of the Snake Range. To the south of the pass are Great Basin National Park and Wheeler Peak.</p><br>
<p>Mount Meron  is a mountain in Israel. It has special significance in Jewish religious tradition and parts of it have been declared a nature reserve.</p><br>
<p>At 1,208 m above sea level, Mount Meron is the highest peak in Israel within the Green Line, though many peaks in the Israeli-occupied area of the Golan Heights and Mount Hermon, which was annexed and removed from military jurisdiction in 1981, are higher.</p><br>
<h2>Mount Meron nature reserve</h2><br>
<p>In 1965, an 84000-dunam nature reserve was declared. An additional 1199 dunams were declared part of the reserve in 2005. It is the highest reserve in Israel, at an altitude of 1208 meters above sea level, and the largest reserve in the north of the country.</p><br>
<h2>Religious significance</h2><br>
<p>The village of Meron and the tomb of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai are on Mount Meron. Leading up to the anniversary of his death on Lag BOmer, thousands of people camp out along the slopes near the tomb, and on Lag BOmer itself, hundreds of thousands make pilgrimages to celebrate the occasion.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking paths</h2><br>
<p>The mountain has a strong undergrowth and it cannot be walked up from every direction. The main path starts at the northwest side of the Meron village. There is a gate next to the road, with a color-marked path of about 10 km. There is also a path on the west side of the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Mt Meron has a Mediterranean climate with hot and dry summers and damp and cool winters. It snows briefly on Mt Meron a few times during every winter. There are 22 days a year with a temperature of 32 °C or higher and 28 days below freezing. Note: the chart is an average of 5 years so the record highs and lows may not be fully accurate.</p><br>
<p>The Quinn Canyon Range is a remote group of mountains in northeastern Nye County, and western Lincoln County in central Nevada in the western United States. Adaven is the only settlement in the mountains, now abandoned.</p><br>
<p>It is closely associated with the Grant Range, which connects to it at the mountain pass of Cherry Creek Summit 7,596 ft. From there, the range runs for approximately 33 miles to the southwest. To the west is the large Railroad Valley, to the east is White River Valley, and to the south is Sand Spring Valley.</p><br>
<p>The high point of the range is an unnamed peak at 10,185 ft at .</p><br>
<p>The Quinn Canyon and Grant Ranges are adjacent to the Basin and Range National Monument created by President Barack Obama in 2015, being excellent examples of the Great Basin and the Basin and Range Province. The higher elevations of the range are protected as the Quinn Canyon Wilderness.</p><br>
<p>The sagebrush cinquefoil (Potentilla johnstonii) is a rare species of plant that has only been seen in the Quinn Canyon Range.</p><br>
<p>New Creek Mountain is a mountain ridge of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians in Grant and Mineral counties in the USA state of West Virginia. The mountain is named for New Creek which rises and flows along its western flanks. It is part of the Wills Mountain Anticline, with Knobly Mountain along its eastern flank. The Allegheny Front rises steeply to the west of New Creek Mountain. Oriskany  sandstone cliffs ring the entire mountain.</p><br>
<p>Saddle Mountain, prominent in the view eastward from the Skyland Overlook on USA 50, is a saddle-shaped dip in the mountain&#39;s ridgecrest.</p><br>
<p>The New Creek Mountain Cliffs are 800 ft high, lining a great cleft in the mountain that rivals the famed Franconia Notch of New England.</p><br>
<p>The Pendennis Club is a private club in Louisville, Kentucky. It was established in 1881 and modeled in part on English gentlemen&#39;s clubs. It took its name from William Makepeace Thackeray&#39;s novel Pendennis . The first clubhouse, acquired in 1883, was a former Belknap family mansion. Soon after opening, a banquet was held to entertain President Chester A. Arthur on August 1, 1883, the same day he opened the Southern Exposition. Sometime in the 1880s, the club was the birthplace  of the Old Fashioned, possibly the first mixed drink to be called a cocktail.</p><br>
<p>A famous employee was Henry Bain, who during his forty-year career rose to headwaiter. He is the eponym of Henry Bain sauce. Roland Hayes, popularly said to be Bain&#39;s nephew, and considered the first African-American male concert artist to receive wide international acclaim, made his professional debut at the club in 1910.</p><br>
<p>Club membership was long open only to whites, although that policy has been relaxed (the club also has a handful of female members). However, the image of an elite, restricted club still is common in the minds of Louisvillians. In 1999 it was one of several private clubs named in a discrimination lawsuit, and was eventually forced to turn over its membership records, though no investigation was ever conducted by the state Human Rights Commission. In 2006, club officials said there had been black members for several years.</p><br>
<h2>New clubhouse</h2><br>
<p>In 1928, a new clubhouse was built a block east of the old one, near the intersection of today&#39;s Second Street and Muhammad Ali Boulevard. It was built to designs of Frederick Lindley Morgan at a cost of $615,000, in neo-Georgian style. The third-story ballroom with large chandeliers and oak floor is well known. Other rooms feature wood paneling, marble floors and large murals along entire walls (several American Revolution scenes are depicted). There are also two bars, a barber shop, a library, athletic facilities, and numerous other rooms for members. The club employed about 30 and had about 800 members as of 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Club events</h2><br>
<h3>Kentucky Derby party</h3><br>
<p>The Pendennis Club plays host to a popular post-Kentucky Derby party, which attracts much of the Louisville social crowd and usually a few celebrities. Tara Reid, Cuba Gooding Jr., Richard Branson and members of the New England Patriots have all attended the bash. In recent years, the event has received attention from national news outlets, including ESPN.</p><br>
<p>Derby brunch and dinner are also popular traditions at the club.</p><br>
<h3>Boxing Night</h3><br>
<p>The club also hosts an annual "Boxing Night." Amateur (usually collegiate) boxers square off in a ring set up in the club&#39;s grand ballroom. The black tie event is restricted to gentlemen.</p><br>
<p>Boxing has a rich tradition at the Pendennis Club. Louisville native Muhammad Ali fought at the club early in his career.</p><br>
<h2>Prominent members</h2><br>
<p>The club membership has included three USA Ambassadors to the Court of St. James&#39;s including Robert Todd Lincoln, Robert Worth Bingham and William S. Farish III.</p><br>
<p>Other members have included:</p><br>
<p>William Burke Belknap (the elder), founder and owner of W. B. Belknap & Co., which became Belknap Hardware and Manufacturing Company.</p><br>
<p>William Burke Belknap II, owner of Land O&#39; Goshen Farm, and member of the Belknap Family of the Belknap Hardware & Mfg. Company.</p><br>
<p>Barry Bingham Sr., patriarch of the Bingham Family</p><br>
<p>Barry Bingham Jr., American newspaper publisher and television and radio executive.</p><br>
<p>Lyons Brown Jr., former Chairman and CEO of Brown-Forman Corporation and USA Ambassador to Austria.</p><br>
<p>Walter Dee Huddleston, former USA Senator.</p><br>
<p>Mitch McConnell, USA Senate Majority Leader.</p><br>
<p>Louie B. Nunn, former Governor of Kentucky</p><br>
<p>Flåvær is group of islets and skerries in the Herøyfjord in the municipality of Herøy in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The islands are located north of the island Gurskøy and southwest of Fosnavåg. It includes the islets Flåvær, Husholmen, Torvholmen, and Vardholmen .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In earlier times, there was extensive activity at Flåvær due to its central position in the Herøyfjord. Flåvær was both a fishing station and a store where the fishing fleet could get supplies close to the fishing fields. It provided useful harbor and mooring facilities. In the days of the rich herring fisheries, the harbor was often crowded with fishing vessels, and as many as 1,500 people gathered there. From 1873 to 1976 there was a post office. Also, from 1929 to 1961 and again from 1981 until 1984, a school was located here. The Flåvær fyrstasjon, which was erected on Vardholmen in 1870, is still located there.</p><br>
<p>By 1981, Flåvær had only 14 remaining inhabitants on the four islets. Today Flåvær is depopulated, but it is possible to spend a vacation in the cottages there and to arrange for conferences on Flåvær and Torvholmen.</p><br>
<h2>Panorama view</h2><br>
<p>Sgùrr a&#39; Mhàim, , is a Scottish mountain situated 5.5 km north north-west of Kinlochleven in the Lochaber region of the Highland area.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>With a height of 1099 metres (3605 feet) Sgùrr a&#39; Mhàim is a Munro and the second highest peak in the Mamores. It can be seen up Glen Nevis from Fort William with its capping of quartzite stones giving it a light grey appearance which can be mistaken for a covering of snow. Its Gaelic name means "Peak of the large rounded hill".</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Sgùrr a Mhàim is the first or last peak of the “Ring of Steall”, a ridge walk taking in the other Munros of An Gearanach, Stob Coire a Chàirn and Am Bodach. It is linked to the main spine of the Mamore group on its southern side by a feature called The Devil’s Ridge, which is a one kilometre undulating ridge with a few exposed sections which require care. The most difficult part is a rock gap known as "The Bad Step" with Scottish hill walker Hamish Brown commenting,</p><br>
<p>The Devils Ridge has its own peak at the midpoint called Stob Choire a Mhàil (990 metres) and then carries on to link to Sgor an Iubhair (Peak of the Yew; sometimes spelt Sgùrr an Iubhair), a 1001 m peak that briefly gained Munro status in 1981 only to lose it again in 1997. When viewed from the ridge, Sgor an Iubhair appears to be a separate mountain, but both the above peaks are listed as "tops" of Sgùrr a Mhàim in the Munro Tables. Sgùrr a Mhàim&#39;s northern side contrasts to its southern flank (where the Devil’s Ridge is). The northern slopes drop steeply to Glen Nevis, and there are two corries which end abruptly in cliffs which fall steeply into the Nevis gorge.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>From the northern flank, the mountain can be ascended directly using one of the three ridges that descend to the glen. The most popular of these is up the north west ridge from Achriabhach where there is a car parkm but it is also possible to ascend from upper Glen Nevis via the north east or east ridges which spring from the Allt Coire a’ Mhàil above the An Steall Ban waterfall. Both these routes require some scrambling. A more circuitous ascent goes up to the head of Coire a&#39; Mhusgain from Achriabhach to cross the ridge to the summit. The summit cairn is substantial being made up of light coloured quartzite stones and gives a view of the southern side of Ben Nevis, and also an aerial view down into Glen Nevis.</p><br>
<p>The Blackhead Mountains range is located near the northern end of the Catskill Mountains, in Greene County, New York, United States, where it divides the towns of Windham and Jewett. The three named peaks in the range — Thomas Cole Mountain , Black Dome , and Blackhead Mountain  — are the fourth-, third-, and fifth-highest peaks in the Catskills, respectively. The gap between Thomas Cole and Black Dome is, at 3,700 feet, the highest in the Catskills.</p><br>
<p>To the west of Thomas Cole are two lesser, officially unnamed summits known locally as Camel&#39;s Hump (3,520 feet; 1,073 m) and Caudal (3,320 feet; 1,012 m). All except Blackhead can be climbed via the popular Black Dome Range Trail; a short spur from that trail leads to the Escarpment Trail atop Blackhead.</p><br>
<p>The range&#39;s distinctive rooster-comb profile is a visual signature of the Catskills. It can be easily seen from as far north as Albany and its suburbs, if there are views to the south to the range.</p><br>
<p>The Banyak Islands  are a group of inhabited islands located between Simeulue and Nias off the western coast of Sumatra in Indonesia&#39;s Aceh Province. Surveys of the area approximate around 71 islands and additional mangrove stands in shallow off-shore areas, although locals count 99 islands. The largest island in the group is Tuangku, with the principal town of Haloban. Two other major islands located either side of Tuangku are Bangkaru and Ujung Batu. Tuangku is separated from Bangkaru by a fault line.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>With an area of 123 square miles (319 square km), the group lies north of Nias and 18 miles (29 km) west of Sumatra in the Indian Ocean. The islands have long been noted for the existence of substantial offshore coral reefs, though problems with overharvesting, damage from explosives, and recent geological disturbances have threatened these underwater resources.</p><br>
<p>The islands vary in their land cover; most are sandy with limited vegetation, while the larger islands have deep rainforests and are fringed by intertidal mangroves. The Pulau Banyak area contains many varieties of stony Heliopora and branching Acropora types of coral. However, crown-of-thorns are a significant problem. The fringing coral reefs are habitat to diverse species, including green and leatherback sea turtles, pelagic and coral fish, and varieties of octopus, lobster, and other sealife. The weather is tropical; August to January are the rainy season, followed by a dry season from approximately February to July.</p><br>
<p>The island group had a population of 6,570 persons at the 2010 Census. The majority of the population resides in villages on the islands of Tuangku, Pulau Baguk and Pulau Balai. Most of the dozens of small islands in the area have no permanent homes, but are used instead for gardening and leisure, with small pondoks and bungalows constructed for temporary visits The population is spread throughout the islands, but divided administratively into villages (listed below with their populations at the 2010 Census):</p><br>
<p>Pulau Banyak District Villages</p><br>
<p>Pulau Baguk (Baguk Island) (1,358)</p><br>
<p>Pulau Balai (Balai Island) (1,608)</p><br>
<p>Teluk Nibung (Nibung Bay) (950)</p><br>
<p>Pulau Banyak Barat District Villages</p><br>
<p>Asantola (562)</p><br>
<p>Ujung Sialit (Point Sialit) (1,093)</p><br>
<p>Haloban (830)</p><br>
<p>Suka Makmur (169)</p><br>
<h2>Administrative Districts</h2><br>
<p>The islands Pulau Banyak lie within the Aceh Singkil Regency in Aceh Province, and are divided into two districts: Pulau Banyak District and Pulau Banyak Barat District (Western Pulau Banyak). Pulau Balai is the seat of the Pulau Banyak District, and Haloban is the seat of the Pulau Banyak Barat District.</p><br>
<h2>Earthquakes and tsunamis</h2><br>
<p>The island group was significantly affected by the deadly 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and subsequent tsunami. The quake&#39;s epicenter was located only a few hundred kilometres north of the island group. Along with Simeulue and Nias, the Banyak Islands absorbed the shock waves and shielded a lot of damage from the Mentawai Islands. The eastern islands were affected the most due to the poor construction of buildings, as many structures contained timber instead of concrete. As many as 300 residents of the island group died as a result of the tsunami.</p><br>
<p>Occurring just three months later, the 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake was located slightly east of Bangkaru, which was the closest island to the epicenter. The island was hit by a second tsunami that caused additional flooding and damage to structures. The level of the islands also dropped by as much as a meter in places, plunging coastal areas underwater and making them permanently uninhabitable. There were no reported deaths, but over 3,000 people were reportedly displaced from their homes. Due to the split between Tuangku and Bangkaru, the earthquake caused Bangkaru to rise and Tuangku to drop. Wells became contaminated by saltwater following the meter-high surge that hit the villages, and the tsunami flowed 100–200 meters into the dense jungle. Fresh sand carried by the tsunami adhered on the seaward side of tree trunks as high as one meter above ground level.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The area is popular among tourists on surfing holidays with some of the better waves being witnessed at Bangkaru due to the larger fetch. Another major sector of the local economy is fishing, which is based on individual small boats, particularly the multi-hulled proa. The islands support limited farming, though this is insufficient to supply the needs of islanders, and a significant quantity of fresh food is brought in from Singkil. Infrastructure projects have worked to restore the harbors and piers of the islands that were damaged in the 2005 tsunami events</p><br>
<h2>Environmental Conservation and Management</h2><br>
<p>The island of Bangkaru is a protected area, designated by the Governor of Aceh in 1996 as a “Taman Wisata Alam” (Nature Park). This designation limits fishing and other use of resources around the island, with limited use for research, tourism, and cultural activities. Beaches on Bangkaru are significant turtle rookeries, where green, leatherback, and other sea turtles come to nest and lay eggs. In the past, local people have collected turtle eggs for consumption and sale, and turtles have also been caught by poachers from Sibolga, but this practice is now illegal within the protected area. Turtles are also sometimes hunted for the lucrative export market in turtle meat. Other species in danger from overharvesting include the giant clam and the dugong. Environmental hazards created by climate change, ocean acidification, overfishing and unsustainable practices remain concerns for the region.</p><br>
<p>Goleta Depot is a train station building in Goleta, California constructed by the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1901, as part of the completion of the Coast Route linking Los Angeles and San Francisco. It is a Southern Pacific standard design Two Story Combination Depot No. 22. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the California Register of Historical Resources and is the centerpiece of the South Coast Railroad Museum .</p><br>
<p>Southern Pacific closed its Goleta station in the 1970s. Eventually, Goleta Beautiful, a civic organization, obtained rights to the abandoned building which was moved on Nov. 18-19, 1981 to nearby Lake Los Carneros County Park. The park is the site of historic Stow House and Lake Los Carneros with walking trails and bird watching. The station was rehabilitated and restored, reopening in Oct. 1982. The station houses a museum and three local nonprofit organizations, the Goleta Valley Chamber of Commerce, Institute for American Research and Santa Barbara Audubon Society (see Adaptive reuse).</p><br>
<p>Dove Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. Situated in the Eastern Fells of the national park, seven kilometres south-south-west of Glenridding, it reaches a height of 792 metres . The fell is often climbed as part of the Fairfield horseshoe walk but a direct ascent from Patterdale is required to show the fell&#39;s full potential, displaying the impressive crags just to the north east of the summit. The highest point was originally unnamed on maps, being just a minor top, but over the years the summit has adopted the name of Dove Crag by mutual accord.</p><br>
<h2>Wainwright's Pictorial Guides</h2><br>
<p>One of Dove Crag&#39;s claims to fame is that it was the first chapter ever written by Alfred Wainwright for his Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells. He wrote the Dove Crag chapter on 9 November 1952 as he started Book One, after ascending the fell from Ambleside in the previous weeks, making notes and taking photographs. It would take Wainwright a further 14 years to finish the complete series of seven books and 214 fells.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The Fairfield Group of fells stands between Grasmere and the Kirkstone Pass. The watershed runs south east from Fairfield, crossing Hart Crag, Dove Crag, Little Hart Crag and Red Screes. Dove Crag shows its unassuming back to Rydal in the west, while great crags command the head of Dovedale on the opposite side of the ridge. A lower tier of crags juts out into the valley with Stangs at its head, dividing Dovedale Beck from its main tributary, Hogget Gill.</p><br>
<p>Dove Crag throws out a southern ridge which descends over High Pike and Low Pike towards Ambleside.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The volcaniclastic sandstone of the Deepdale Formation is interleaved with andesite sills and breccia.</p><br>
<h2>Rock climbing</h2><br>
<p>The crags of Dove Crag are the fells finest feature. The crag is about 75 metres high at its highest point and is a popular venue for rock climbers with classic routes such as Extol and Fast and Furious. Lately it has become used by boulderers with several top-class climbs such as Impailed and Pail Attitude on the boulders that have become detached from the main crag. Concealed within the crags is the “Priests Hole”. This is a cave, roughly about five metres deep with extra protection provided by a wall built in front, which is often used by walkers and climbers as a rough overnight camp. It is well used and stocked (even having a visitors&#39; book) but it is not easy to find in bad conditions. It is marked on the large-scale Ordnance Survey maps but this is only of limited use. It is not mentioned by Alfred Wainwright in his Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, which suggests that he did not know of its existence. The cave featured in the BBC One series Secret Britain in spring 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>As mentioned earlier, the majority of the people who climb Dove Crag do so from Ambleside as part of the Fairfield horseshoe walk. However, the ascent from Patterdale gives the walker the opportunity to explore the relatively unknown valley of Dovedale and the beck which flows down it and to study the crags of the fell. It is believed that the upper part of Dovedale was once the crater of a volcano. The ascent from Patterdale starts from the car park at Brothers Water and takes the path to Hartsop Hall. Here the rising path up Dovedale is taken. As the crags are approached at the head of the valley, there is a choice of going to the right or left of them to reach the summit. The fell can also be approached from Ambleside along its long southern ridge passing over the tops of Low Pike and High Pike. The summit is a small rock platform with a cairn.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>A dry stone wall crosses the summit 15 metres to the west and this runs north to south to the adjoining fells of High Pike (south) and Hart Crag (north). The highlight of the summit view is obtained by walking to the edge of the crags and looking down into Dovedale.</p><br>
<p>Deliblato Sands  is a large sand area covering around 300 km² of ground in Vojvodina province, Serbia. It is located in southern Banat, situated between the river Danube and the southwestern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains. The sands are named after the village of Deliblato, in the municipality of Kovin. Its main masses are elliptical shaped hills with steppe grassland plains and steppe forests.</p><br>
<p>The Deliblato Sands is the largest sandy terrain in Europe, once part of a vast prehistoric desert, having originated from the withdrawal of the Pannonian Sea. They are home to many endemic species of plants and animals which are rare or endangered in Europe and globally. Due to its forest and surroundings, it was declared a Special Nature Reserve. On a national level, it represents a natural asset of special importance falling under protection category I.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife of Deliblato sands</h2><br>
<p>The Deliblato Sands is rich in floral diversity, it is home to 900 different species of plants which many are considered by international standards rare or endemic to the Pannonian Basin. Regions of similar terrain across Europe have been cultivated, forested or otherwise altered, while Deliblato Sands has largely remained untouched. Some of the endangered and endemic species of flora include the Banat peony, steppe peony, Pančić wormwood, bulrush and dwarf-steppe almond. Twenty different species of Orchidaceae grow in this area. Rare fauna include the mole rat, steppe skunk, desert ant and steppe gerbil. The main source of food for some endangered birds of prey, such as the saker falcon, eastern imperial eagle and lesser spotted eagle, are ground squirrels that live in large open grass fields; hence such areas are necessary for their survival. Other noted animals are the wolf, deer, roe deer and boar.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The Serbian cult movie "Whos Singin Over There?" (Ko to tamo peva, Serbian Cyrillic alphabet Ко то тамо пева) was mainly shot at the Deliblato Sands.</p><br>
<p>Steel Fell is a fell in the English Lake District, lying between Thirlmere and Grasmere. It is triangular in plan, the ridges running north, west and south east. Steel Fell rises to the west of the Dunmail Pass road and can be climbed from the summit, or from Grasmere and Wythburn.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Steel Fell stands away from the main spine of the Central Fells, forming the end of one of the many east ridges of High Raise. Intermediate between the two are Codale Head and Calf Crag. Steel Fell is bordered by Wythburndale to the north and the valley of Green Burn to the south-west. The eastern face looks down on Dunmail Raise.</p><br>
<p>Being triangular in plan, Steel Fell has three principal ridges.The northern ridge drops quickly to the head of Thirlmere at Steel End, while that to the south-east falls gradually toward Grasmere village, beginning down Cotra Breast. The eastern ridge connects to Calf Crag, the next fell in the popular circuit of the Greenburn valley, crossing a narrow depression with a scattering of small tarns.</p><br>
<p>The southern face of Steel Fell falls over Blakerigg Crag to Greenburn, a feeder of the lake of Grasmere. Wythburndale marks the north western boundary of the fell, flowing to Thirlmere. The eastern face drops over Ash Crags to the pass of Dunmail Raise. Two streams, both named Raise Beck, flow north and south down the pass, following the main Keswick–Ambleside road. Steel Fell thus sits on the Lake District’s main north–south watershed. Water from the southern slopes reaches the sea at Morecambe Bay while rain falling a few yards to the north reaches the sea via the River Derwent at Workington.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The geology of Steel Fell is complex. The summit and Ash Crags exhibit the welded rhyodacitic lapilli-tuff and breccia of the Thirlmere Member. The remainder of the fell is characteristic of the Lincomb Tarns Formation of dacitic lapilli tuff with andesite sills. A large sill is evident near the surface above Wythburndale.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>Above the steep faces the triangular plateau, half a mile across, is dotted with small tarns. The summit bears the name Dead Pike and carries a large cairn of reddish stone. The best of the view is to the north, Blencathra appearing above Thirlmere. South-west there is a fine mountain panorama stretching as far as the Coniston Fells.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The fell is most commonly climbed via the south east ridge, beginning at Gill Foot where the lane from Grasmere crosses Green Burn. From Steel End at the head of Thirlmere a way can be found onto the north ridge, or a longer route taken up the Wythburn valley to surmount the ridge to Calf Crag. Direct ascents up the eastern face from the summit of Dunmail Raise are also possible.</p><br>
<p>Tarn Crag is a fell in the Central Fells of the English Lake District. Another Tarn Crag is situated in the Far Eastern Fells. Strictly the name applies only to the rock face looking down upon Easedale Tarn, but Alfred Wainwright applied it to the entire ridge lying between the Easedale and Far Easedale valleys in his Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The spine of the Central Fells runs north from High Raise, forming the watershed between Thirlmere and Borrowdale. A number of lesser ridges radiate out eastwards from High Raise, centred upon the subsidiary top of Sergeant Man. One of these runs between the valleys of Far Easedale and Easedale, terminating at their confluence above Grasmere village.</p><br>
<p>The ridge is narrow to the east of the summit, rising over a series of knolls between the gradually diverging valleys. Westward it broadens considerably, swinging southward around the head of Codale Tarn before becoming indistinct in the general rising ground towards Sergeant Man and the High Raise massif. Codale Tarn is a shallow pool, its original outlet blocked by a moraine so that it now overflows via a rock lip.</p><br>
<p>The southern flank of the fell comprises Tarn and Greathead Crags, the backdrop to the popular picnic spot of Easedale Tarn. Much larger than Codale, this tarn is around 70 ft deep and contains perch, eel and trout. Across the tarn are the crags of Blea Rigg. On the northern side of the ridge Deer Bields Crag broods over Far Easedale, with Calf Crag beyond.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The summit area is composed of the dacitic welded lapilli-tuff and volcaniclastic sandstone of the Lincomb Tarns Formation. The southern crags reveal andesite sills and the pebbly sandstone and breccia of the Pavey Ark Member.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The highest point is a peaked outcrop, topped by a small cairn. The views eastward are extensive and Easedale Tarn can be brought into view from a subsidiary top to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Tarn Crag is generally climbed from Grasmere via its eastern ridge, where a path winds among the rocks. This can be reached from Easedale Tarn, the top of the Sour Milk Gill cascades, or from Stythwaite Steps in Far Easedale. Ascents from the base of Deer Bield Crag or via Codale Tarn are also possible, although pathless.</p><br>
<p>Hiwassee is a small village in Cherokee County, North Carolina, which sits next to the Hiwassee Dam and the artificially created Hiwassee Reservoir, on Hiwassee River.</p><br>
<h2>Hiwassee Dam</h2><br>
<p>The Dam itself was constructed between 1936 and 1940 by the Tennessee Valley Authority as part of Roosevelt&#39;s New Deal policy. Hiwassee Dam is still maintained by the TVA. It has a height of 307 feet, spans a distance of 1,376 across the Hiwassee River and produce 185,000 kilowatts of electricity.</p><br>
<p>Hiwassee Dam was the world&#39;s tallest "overflow" dam until the completion of the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River in Egypt in the early 1970s. The depth from the top of the spillgates to the bedrock at the face of the dam is 285 feet.</p><br>
<h2>Hiwassee Reservoir</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir serves recreational, power generation and flood control purposes. It is beautifully situated surrounded by the Nantahala and Cherokee National Forests and almost right next to the Appalachia Reservoir. Both reservoirs are important for local wildlife such as deer. The reservoir is relatively shallow with a average depth of 142 ft (44 m) and can exceed depths of 200 ft in places.</p><br>
